CH19 clustering analysis Medical Statistics医学统计学 幻灯片课件.pptVIP

Chapter19  Clustering Analysis;Content; Discriminant Analysis : having known with certainty to come from two or more populations, it’s a method to acquire the discriminate model that will allocate further individuals to the correct population. Clustering Analysis: a statistic method for grouping objects of random kind into respective categories. It’s used when there’s no priori hypotheses, but trying to find the most appropriate sorting method resorting to mathematical statistics and some collected information. It has become the first selected means to uncover great capacity of genetic messages.Both are methods of multivariate statistics to study classification.; Clustering analysis is a method of exploring statistical analysis. It can be classified into two major species according to its aims. For example, m refers to the number of variables(i.e. indexes) while n refers to that of cases(i.e. samples) ,you can do as follows: (1)R-type clustering: also called index clustering. The method to sort the m kinds of indexes, aiming at lowering the dimension of indexes and choosing typical ones. （2）Q-type clustering: also called sample clustering. The method to sort the n kinds of samples to find the commonness among them.; The most important thing for both R-type clustering and Q-type clustering is the definition of similarity, that is how to quantify similarity. The first step of clustering is to define the metric similarity between two indexes or two samples- similarity coefficient; （4） Mahalanobis distance ：it’s used to express the sample covariance matrix among m kinds of variables. It can be worked out as follows: When it’s a unit matrix ,Mahalanobis distance equals to the square of Euclidean distance.  All of the four distances refer to quantitative variables, for the qualitative variables and ordinal variables, quantization is needed before using.;§ 2 Hierarchic