CHAPTER 1 MATERIALS AND HOT WORK 机械工程专业英语 教学文稿.pptVIP

English for Mechanical Engineering;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语; Work is defined as force multiplied by the distance over which the force acts. Work is measured in metre-kilograms. A metre-kilogram equals the work done by a force of one kilogram acting through a distance of one metre. For example, if a work task involves lifting a 300 kilogram machine two and one half metres into a truck, then 750 metre kilograms of work is required. Since no humans can lift 300 kilograms directly, a device must be employed to modify the required effort into something manageable. ;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语; A device that decreases the necessary applied force while increasing the distance over which the smaller force acts is called a force multiplier. Machines can also multiply speed and distance. A broom is an example of a speed and distance multiplier because it converts input force and distance at the handle into a lower force and larger distance at the sweeping end. Since the larger distance at the sweeping end is covered in the same time as the input distance, then the speed is also increased. In addition to modifying forces and distances, machines can also change the direction of motion. ;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语; Efficiency and mechanical advantage are used to gauge the performance of mechanical machines. Efficiency is defined as the useful mechanical output work, expressed as a percentage of the input work. Efficiency is always less than 100 percent because of friction between moving parts. If someone actually wheeled the machine of the initial example up the ramp, they might discover that it required 84 kilograms. The nine kilograms difference is the force required to overcome the resistance of the wheels and bearings. Under these conditions the machine would have an efficiency of 89 percent. ;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语;机械工程专业英语; If they slid the refrigerator up the ramp without wheels, the required force could be 2