Chapter 4-11Basic Equations of Fluid Flow 天大化工原理上册英文版教材.pptVIP

CHAPTER 4Basic Equations of Fluid Flow;Content ;Fluid mechanics and its application in fluid flow;Differential equations and shell balances ;4.1 MASS BALANCE IN A FLOWING FLUID; CONTINUITY;(4.1) ;(4.3) ;Review some mathematical terms;(4.4) ;For incompressible fluid，density is a constant.;2. Continuity equation for a fluid of constant density ;3. One-dimensional flow ;15;（b）stream tube 流管：a tube of large or small cross section and of any convenient cross-sectional shape that is entirely bounded by streamlines. (p69);The mass flow through the differential cross-sectional area dS is;The average velocity of the entire stream flowing through cross-sectional area S is defined by;4. Shell balance for mass flow;At steady state the mass flow in equals the mass flow out, and the continuity equation becomes ;The important special case where the flow is through channels of circular cross section;Usually density is taken as constant, thus;5. Mass velocity质量流速 ;Φ25x2.5mm Φ19x2mm Appendix 3 and 4;25;4.2 DIFFERENTIAL MOMENTUM BALANCE; EQUATIONS OF MOTION微分动量恒算；运动方程;1. General equation of motion for newtonian fluid with varying density and viscosity ;Δx;Kinds of momentum;30;The net convective flow into the volume element is ;—剪应力;normal stress ;The net flow of x momentum into the volume element by viscous action: ;Forces acting on the system;The rate of accumulation of x momentum;motion equation of the x component ;Similar equations may be derived for the y and z components. Adding the three components vectorially gives ;(4.21);(4.24);(4.25);2. Navier-Stokes equations ;(4.27);In vector form these equations become ;3. Eulers equation ;☆ 4. Couette flow ;4.3 MACROSCOPIC MOMENTUM BALANCES;Control volume Steady flow One-dimensional flow;In accordance with Eq. (4.14),;the sum of the forces acting on the fluid in the x direction equals the increase in the momentum flow rate of the fluid: ;1. Momentum of total stream; momentum correction factor ;For a differential cross-sectional a