Chapter 4-2MACROSCOPIC MOMENTUM BALANCES 天大化工原理上册英文版教材.pptVIP

1 Review ------------Continuity equation 连续性方程 2 For incompressible fluid，density is a constant. At steady state 3 Integrated form of continuity equation The flow in channels of circular cross section If density is taken as constant, thus 4 ------------ Navier-Stokes equations The equations of motion 5 Euler equation : constant density and zero viscosity 8 Forces acting on the fluid in the direction of the velocity component in the equation include: pressure change in the direction of flow. shear stress at the boundary between the fluid stream and the conduit or (if the conduit itself is considered to be part of the system) external forces acting on the solid wall. the appropriate component of the force of gravity. 9 One-dimensional flow in the x direction, where Fw = net force of wall of channel on fluid Fg = component of force of gravity (written for flow in upward direction) (4.43) 10 (4.43) Macroscopic momentum balance equation 11 2. Layer flow with free surface 12 a newtonian liquid, steady flow, constant ratethickness,laminar flow Control volumn L, b, r film-wise condensation 13 where = gravity force = shear stress on lower surface of control volume A = area of lower surface of control volume (4.44) the shear on the upper surface of the element is neglected. 14 A = bL Rearranging eq. (4.44) and integrating between limits give The flow is laminar (4.47) (4.44) velocity distribution is parabolic 15 The total mass flow rate of the fluid then is (4.48) (4.47) 16 (4.49) where Γ is called the liquid loading(凝液负荷). The units of Γ are kg/m.s or lb/ft.s. b is called perimeter of channel in contact with liquid 润湿周边 17 Discussion of the assumptions: 1. No shear stress acting on the interface of liquid and gas(air) Shear force will increase if the vapor(or gas) shear exist. 2. Laminar flow A critical Re number of 2100 has often been used for laye