Chapter 5 Viruses 微生物学 英文版教材课程.pptVIP

Release: Lysozyme, whose code is provided by a phage gene, is synthesized within the cell. This enzyme causes a breakdown of the bacterial cell wall, and the newly produced bactedophages are released from the host cell. The number of newly synthesized phage particles released from a single cell usually ranges from about 50 to 200. One-step growth curve of virus replication Following adsorption, the infectivity of the virus particles disappears, a phenomenon called eclipse. This is due to the uncoating of the virus particles. During the latent period, replication of viral nucleic acid and protein occurs. The maturation period follows, when virus nucleic acid and protein are assembled into mature virus particles. At this time, if the cells are broken up, active virus can be detected. Finally, release occurs, either with or without cell lysis. The liming of the one-step growth cycle varies with the virus and host. With many bacterial viruses, the whole cycle may be complete in 20-60 min, whereas with animal viruses 8-40 hr is usually required for a complete cycle. There are genetic controls that regulate when different regions of phage DNA are transcribed into mRNA during the multiplication cycle. There are early messages that are translated into early phage proteins, the enzymes used in the synthesis of phage DNA. Eclipse period This control mechanism is mediated by RNA polymerase. There are late messages that are translated into late phage proteins for the synthesis of capsid proteins. Time course of events in phage T4 infection Following injection of DNA, early and middle mRNA is produced that codes for nucleases, DNA polymerase, new phage-specific sigma factors, and various other proteins involved in DNA replication. Late mRNA codes for structural proteins of the phage virion and for T4 lysozyme, needed to lyse the cell and release new phage particles. 5.3 Overview of Bacterial Viruses Most of the bacterial viruses that have born studied in det