Chapter09 Springs 机械零件设计英文PPT全套教案幻灯片课件.pptVIP

Chapter 9 Springs 9.1 Types and Characteristics of Springs 9.2 Potential Failure Modes 9.3 Spring Materials 9.4 Axially Loaded Helical-Coil Springs; Stress 9.5 Deflection and Spring Rate 9.6 Buckling Analysis of Helical Compression Springs 9.7 Procedure and General Guidelines for Spring Design 9.1 Types and Characteristics of Springs Springs may be broadly defined as structures or devices that exhibit elastic deformation when loaded, and recover their initial configuration when the load is removed. Usually the term spring denotes a resilient device specially configured to exert desired forces or torques, to provide flexibility, or to store potential energy of strain for release at a later time. Springs include helically coiled wire loaded by a force along the axis of the helix or by torsional moments about the axis of the helix, thin flat beams loaded in bending, and round bars or tubes loaded in torsion. The commonly used mechanical springs helical-coil springs spiral torsion spring Multileaf springs Rubber springs Pneumatic springs ring spring Belleville washers (coned-disk springs) 9.2 Potential Failure Modes Springs of all types are expected to operate over long periods of time without significant changes in dimensions, displacements, or spring rates, often under fluctuating loads. The potential failure modes include yielding, fatigue, corrosion fatigue, fretting fatigue, creep, thermal relaxation, buckling, and/or force-induced elastic deformation. 9.3 Spring Materials Candidate materials for springs should have high strength (ultimate, yield, and fatigue), high resilience, good creep resistance, and, in some applications, good corrosion resistance and/or resistance to elevated temperatures. Materials meeting these criteria include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, spring brass, phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, and nickel alloys. Any of these spring materials may be formed into bars, wire, or strip by