Chapter7 大学英语跨文化的交际 .pptVIP

Cultural Patterns;LEARNING OBJECTIVES;Chapter Outline ;CULTURAL DIFFERENCES;ARAB WOMEN;CULTURAL PATTERNS;CHINESE VALUES: PATIENCE HONOUR HARMONY ;Religious beliefs;Pilgrimage to Mecca;; ; A belief is an idea that people assume to be true about the world. For example: 1) a widely shared belief dates back to the time when Europeans believed that the earth was flat 2) a belief for many European Americans is that in “reality” there is a separation between the physical and spiritual worlds. 3)Members of the European culture see humans as separate from nature. Based on this set of beliefs about the world, European Americans have set out to control nature instead of living in harmony with nature like the Chinese. ;Values;Values can be classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary.;Culture values define what is worthwhile to die for, what is worth protecting, what frightens people, and what proper subjects to study and which deserve ridicule.;Table 8 Schwartz’s Value Types;Values from culture to culture are seen as positive or negative and their strength or importance differ accordingly. Americans value youth rather than old age. Koreans, Japanese people, etc. argue that respects for elders is positive value and it is very intensely held. It would be possible after studying any particular culture to determine its most important values. ;Norms;Social Practices;CASE 41 Getting Frustrated;Text C: Edward T. Hall’s Context-culture theory;Cultures in which less has to be said or written because more of the meaning is in the physical environment or already shared by people or the ones in which most of information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly transmitted part of the message, are labeled high-context culture. ;High context;High context;Low-Context Culture ;low context;Americans’ fascination with language;Problems Posed;ACTIVITY: REFLECTION;Measurements to compare cultural values ;Text D: Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s value orientation;a