细菌耐药性与抗菌药物的合理应用讲解课件.pptVIP

20 Bacteria have evolved numerous mechanisms to evade antimicrobial drugs. Chromosomal mutations are an important source of resistance to some antimicrobials. Acquisition of resistance genes or gene clusters, via conjugation, transposition, or transformation, accounts for most antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens. These mechanisms also enhance the possibility of multi-drug resistance. Once resistant strains of bacteria are present in a population, exposure to antimicrobial drugs favors their survival Reducing antimicrobial selection pressure is one key to preventing antimicrobial resistance and preserving the utility of available drugs for as long as possible Infectious diseases specialists are one important resource for providing input, but many other professionals also contribute to optimal care for patients with infections Like all patient safety endeavors, multidisciplinary collaboration is key! Infectious diseases specialists are one important resource for providing input, but many other professionals also contribute to optimal care for patients with infections Like all patient safety endeavors, multidisciplinary collaboration is key! When considering the etiologic agent of a surgical site infection, the organisms encountered change according to the depth of the tissue involved. Superficial infections and cellulitis are usually caused by streptococci and staphylococci. As the infection spreads deeper, gram-negative rods and anaerobes become more common. [Nichols, p.S87] Thus, in choosing the appropriate prophylactic agent, it is important to know which organisms will be encountered. Reference Nichols RL, Florman S. Clinical presentations of soft-tissue infections and surgical site infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33(suppl 2):S84-S93. Approved: 2004 EPCP Risk Factors for and Prevention of Surgical Site Infection Slide 20 Nichols, p.S87 At present, a short-term antimicrobial treatment regimen is rarely prescribed, despite