恶性黑色素瘤药物发展知识介绍.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Cancer cells acquire certain characteristics that affect regulatory circuits governing normal cell proliferation and homeostasis. Normal cells require mitogenic growth signals before they can progress from a quiescent state into proliferation, and antiproliferative signals operate to maintain tissue homeostasis (Hanahan & Weinberg, 2000). Cancer cells can acquire capabilities that allow them to grow unchecked in the absence of growth-stimulating signals while overcoming growth-inhibitory signals and host immune responses. Tumor cells may possess any of the following capabilities, though not necessarily all of them: growth signal independence loss of tumor suppression immortalization blocked apoptosis angiogenic ability to ensure sufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients necessary for cell survival capability for invasion and metastasis resulting in the formation of new colonies of tumor cells a distant sites. These capabilities are acquired — directly or indirectly — through changes in the cell genome and can appear at different stages of tumor progression. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000;100:57–70. * * * * * * * * Cancer cells acquire certain characteristics that affect regulatory circuits governing normal cell proliferation and homeostasis. Normal cells require mitogenic growth signals before they can progress from a quiescent state into proliferation, and antiproliferative signals operate to maintain tissue homeostasis (Hanahan & Weinberg, 2000). Cancer cells can acquire capabilities that allow them to grow unchecked in the absence of growth-stimulating signals while overcoming growth-inhibitory signals and host immune responses. Tumor cells may possess any of the following capabilities, though not necessarily all of them: growth signal independence loss of tumor suppression immortalization blocked apoptosis angiogenic ability to ensure sufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients necessary fo