电子与 及通信工程专业英语Unit 4 Approaches to Optical Internet Packet Switching.pptVIP

Unit 4 Approaches to Optical Internet Packet Switching;　　1．Introduction　　The convergence of telecommunications and data communications has caused a paradigm shift in the networking environment. The massive explosion in traffic generated by the Internet has driven the current trend, with the Internet Protocol (IP) becoming the dominant protocol for data communications as well as representing, in the longer term, a very strong candidate for the convergence of data communications with telecommunications. In tandem, the development of wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) techniques on point-to-point links have begun to utilize the massive optical bandwidth of installed single-mode optical fibers more efficiently. ;WDM was initially a rapid solution to the severe route exhaustion problems brought about by exponentially increasing traffic. The future deployment of optical cross-connected WDM transport networks, initially for protection and bypass but ultimately managing optical light paths dynamically in multiple ring or mesh architectures, will potentially modify the role of the network functionalities provided by the synchronous optical network/synchronous digital hierarchy(SONET/SDH) layer[1]. ;Thus, IP over WDM has become a very important area of study, encompassing a wide range of solutions to supporting predominantly IP traffic over WDM optical paths. Much research effort focuses on developing an elegant solution to the mismatch between the transmission capacities offered by the WDM optical layer and the processing power of routers. IP routers perform four main tasks:;　　(1)??Routing: providing network connectivity information through routing tables.　　(2) ?Forwarding: defining the output of each incoming packet (based on the routing tables).　　(3)??Switching: directing each packet to the proper output (defined by the forwarding process).　　(4) ?Buffering: resolving contention by storing packets when more than one wishes to go to the same output at once due to the