语法讲解-名词性从句100521-revised.doc

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 主语从句：从句在句中作主语。Whoever did it should be punished. that和what的区别：当句中的主语、表语或宾语都不缺时，应用that，否则用what What is needed has been ready. That she was late made the teacher angry. (that 不可省略) 主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数。 有时为避免头重脚轻，常用形式主语结构。 It is + adj. + that It is + adj. (important/necessary/natural/strange) + that +(should) + 动词原形 It is + a/an + n. (a fact/ a pity/ an honor/ no wonder…) + that It + v. (matters/counts/seems/appears/happens/occurs/turns out/proves …) + that It is + done (said/reported/considered…) + that 表语从句：从句在句中作表语。 (一般放在连系动词be, look, seem, sound, remain等之后，有时也用as if引导) My question remains whether he will come. It’s where you left it. 宾语从句：从句在句中作宾语。 作及物动词或介词的宾语； b. 某些表语形容词或过去分词的宾语) The teacher was satisfied with what Li Ping did. I’m afraid that I have made a serious mistake. 作及物动词的宾语从句中的that可省略Do you know (that) he has joined the army? that 通常不可省略的情况: 句中有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，第二个及以后的that不可省略： He said he would come to the party and that he would bring his wife with him. 由it作形式宾语时，that宾语从句中that也不可省略。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. that 从句与谓语动词被隔开时：They told us once again that this would never happen. it 作形式宾语，常用在下列动词中：think, feel, make, consider, etc. I think it necessary that he should do the test. 注意think, expect, suppose, believe, guess等词的否定前移 I don’t think the answer is right, is it? 同位语从句 (一般置于抽象名词之后，用来补充前一名词的具体内容。常见名词：suggestion, idea, thought, news, order, reason, fact, promise, doubt, problem, question, truth, hope, possibility) We have no idea when she was born. 同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别 We heard the news that our team had won. (同位语从句，不缺任何成分；that没有意义，只起连接作用) The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting. (定语从句，缺少宾语；that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news) 引导名词性从句的连词 1）连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2）连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3）从属连词：that, whether, if, as if/though。在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略。 以that引导的从句（that本身无任何含义，作及物动词宾语that可省略）； 以whether/if引导的从句； 只用whe