Outline 通信系统(Communication Systems)教材.ppt

Outline;The Communication process;The Communication process;Basic elements of communication systems;Primary Communication Resources;无线电;Block diagram of digital communication system.;Shannon’s Information Capacity Theorem;Chapter 1 Random Process;This Contents;概率基本知识; 若某种试验A每一次取值都是随机的、不确定的，则称这一次试验为随机事件，若其随机结果用X表示，则称此X为一个随机变量，并设它的取值为x。 例如，在一定时间内电话交换台收到的呼叫次数是一个随机变量。;随机变量的分布函数;随机变量的概率密度;随机变量的概率密度;常见随机变量举例;常见随机变量举例;随机变量的数字特征; 若X和Y互相独立，且E(X )和E(Y )存在。 ;随机变量X的方差是随机变量X 与其数学期望之差的平方的数学期望 方差还可改写为： 对于离散随机变量， 对于连续随机变量， ;常量的方差等于0，即D( C ) = 0 设D(X)存在，C为常量，则： D(X+C)=D(X)，D(CX)=C2D(X) 设D(X) 和D(X)都存在，且X和Y互相独立，则： D(X+Y)=D(X)+D(Y) 同样，对于多个互相独立的随机变量： D(X1 + X2 + … + Xn)=D(X1) + D(X2) + … + D(Xn) 方差的概率意义是反映随机变量分布的集中（或分散）的程度，方差越小，随即变量的取值越集中。 ;定义：随机变量X 的k 阶矩定义为 k阶原点矩：a = 0时的矩： k阶中心矩： 时的矩： ;1.1 Introduction;1.2 Mathematical Definition of a Random Process;1.2 Mathematical Definition of a Random Process;1.2 Mathematical Definition of a Random Process;1.2 Mathematical Definition of a Random Process;1.3 Stationary Process;First order and second order properties;1.3 Stationary Process;Figure 1.3 Illustrating the concept of stationary;1.3 Stationary Process;1.4 Mean, Correlation and Covariance Function;1.4 Mean, Correlation and Covariance Function;1.4 Mean, Correlation and Covariance Function;1.4 Mean, Correlation and Covariance Function;Stationary Random process ;1.4 Mean, Correlation and Covariance Function;Properties of the autocorrelation function;Properties of the autocorrelation function;Properties of the autocorrelation function;Properties of the autocorrelation function;Figure 1.4Illustrating the autocorrelation functions of slowly and rapidly fluctuating random processes.;Ex 1.2 Autocorrelation function;Ex1.3 Autocorrelation function;Ex1.4 Autocorrelation function;Cross-correlation function;Cross-Covariance Function;Independence;Quadrature ;Ex1.4 Autocorrelation function;Ex1.5 Autocorrelation function;Ex1.6 Autocorrela