[英语学习]词汇学重点.ppt

Chapter 2 The sources of English Vocabulary Chapter 4 Changing English Vocabulary Political correctness The central uses of the term relate to particular issues of race, gender, disability, ethnicity, culture and worldviews, and encompass both the language in which issues are discussed and the viewpoints that are expressed Crippled /handicapped Physically challenged Cerebrally challenged Conversationally challenged Follicular challenged -ess Since the Middle age Actress Hostess Mentally challenged in place of Retard and other terms African American in place of Black, Negro and other terms Native American (or First Nations in Canada) in place of Indian Gender-neutral terms such as firefighter in place of fireman Terms relating to disability, such as visually challenged or hearing impaired in place of blind or deaf Mankind Humankind history Herstory : history viewed from a female or specially feminist perspective. The death and disregard of innocent civilians – often referred to as collateral damage At least one source claims that the term collateral damage originated as a euphemism during the Vietnam War and can refer to friendly fire, or the killing of non-combatants and the destruction of their property.[5] Jamie Shea, spokesman of NATO during NATO campaign against Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, has become (in)famous for using this phrase in comments about civilian casualties killed by NATO. New vs obsolete words Changing in Meaning Four tendencies of Changes in word meaning ? Historical Cause “car” comes from Latin “carrus”, which means “ two-wheeled Celtic war chariot” “paper” comes from the Greek name of a plant, the papyrus, which grows in Egypt and from which the Egyptians made their paper atom, pen  Social Cause Change in word meaning resulting from a constant verbal communication between common words and various technical words is referred to as social cause of semantic change. (1)?The teacher likes to have feedback from his