Gene X-Gene10 基因十--Chapter16_Outline课件.pptVIP

16.13 RecA Triggers the SOS System Damage to DNA causes RecA to trigger the SOS response, which consists of genes coding for many repair enzymes. RecA activates the autocleavage activity of LexA. LexA represses the SOS system; its autocleavage activates those genes. FIGURE 29: LexA and RecA have a reciprocally antagonistic relationship Chapter 16Repair Systems 16.1 Introduction mismatch repair (MMR) – A type of repair that corrects mispaired bases, typically immediately following replication. The process preferentially corrects the sequence of the daughter strand by distinguishing the daughter strand and parental strand, sometimes on the basis of their states of methylation. FIGURE 01: The human genome has many repair genes 16.1 Introduction photoreactivation – A repair mechanism that uses a white light-dependent enzyme to split cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers formed by ultraviolet light. excision repair – A type of repair system in which one strand of DNA is directly excised and then replaced by resynthesis using the complementary strand as template. FIGURE 02: Excision-repair replaces damaged DNA 16.1 Introduction base excision repair (BER) – A pathway of excision repair that recognizes damage to single bases, such as deaminiation or alkylation, and either repairs the base alone (short-patch repair) or replaces 2–10 nucleotides (long-patch repair). 16.1 Introduction nucleotide excision repair (NER) – An excision repair pathway that recognizes bulky lesions in DNA (such as UV-induced pyrimidine dimers). NER is divided into two major subpathways: transcription-coupled repair (TC-NER), which repairs damaged in the transcribed strand of active genes; and global genome repair (GG-NER), which repairs damage anywhere in the genome. 16.2 Repair Systems Correct Damage to DNA Repair systems recognize DNA sequences that do not conform to standard base pairs. Excision systems remove one strand of DNA at the site of damage and then replace it. FIGURE 03: Deamination