GerrigCh 07课件.pptVIP

Chapter 7 Learning and Behavior Analysis What is Learning? Learning Process based on experience that results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral patterns Behaviorism and Behavior Analysis Watson Skinner Behaviorism Behavior analysis Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning Behavior comes to be elicited by a stimulus that has acquired its power through an association with a biologically significant stimulus Pavlov’s Experiments Classical Conditioning Reflex Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned response (UCR) Conditioned stimulus (CS) Conditioned response (CR) Pavlov’s Experiments Processes of Conditioning Acquisition Extinction Spontaneous recovery Processes of Conditioning Processes of Conditioning Stimulus generalization Automatic extension of conditioned responding to similar stimuli Stimuli discrimination Learning to respond differently to stimuli that differ from the CS Focus on Acquisition Contingency Applications of Classical Conditioning Emotions and preferences Learning to be a drug addict Harnessing classical conditioning Immune system Operant Conditioning Law of effect Power of a stimulus to evoke a response is strengthened when the response is followed by a reward and weakened when it is not followed by a reward Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning Learning in which the probability of a response is changed by a change in its consequences Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning Reinforcement contingencies Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment Discriminative stimuli and generalization Operant Conditioning Using reinforcement contingencies How can you define the behavior that you would like to reinforce or eliminate? How can you define the contexts in which a behavior is appropriate or inappropriate? Have you unknowingly been reinforcing some behaviors? Properties of Reinforcers Conditioned reinforcers Primary reinforcers Biologically determined Token economies Probable