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傅里叶光学C5 Wave-Optics Analysis of Coherent Optical Systems
CHAPTER 5 Wave-Optics Analysis of Coherent Optical Systems Single lens Complex imaging system Monochromatic illumination THIN LENS A lens is said to be a thin lens if a ray entering at coordinates (x, y) on one face exits at approximately the same coordinates on the opposite face 5.1 Phase transform function of a lens A thin lens simply delays an incident wavefront by an amount proportional to the thickness of the lens at each point Relation between fields of before and behind the lens The complex field Ul’(x, y) across a plane immediately behind the lens The complex field Ul(x, y) incident on a plane immediately in front of the lens Sign convention As rays travel from left to right each convex surface encountered is taken to have a positive radius of curvature each concave surface is taken to have a negative radius of curvature Split the lens into three parts 5.1.1 Thickness function 5.1.2 Paraxial Approximation 5.1.3 Phase transform of the lens With the approximation, phase transform of the lens is given by Generalization of the result The sign convention allows the result to be applied to other types of lenses The physical meaning of the lens transformation The effect of the lens on a normally incident, unit-amplitude plane wave Plot of physical meaning of the lens transformation 5.2 Fourier Transforming Properties of Lenses Converging lens has its inherent ability to perform two-dimensional Fourier transforms There are several different configurations for performing the transform operation Typical configurations 5.2.1 Input Placed Against the Lens Let a planar input transparency with amplitude transmittance tA(x, y) be placed immediately in front of a converging lens of focal length f The input is assumed to be uniformly illuminated by a normally incident, monochromatic plane wave of amplitude A Field behind the lens Pupil function P(x, y) defined by Field in the back focal plane Using Fresnel diffraction formula yields distribution Uf(u, v) in the back focal
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