大津巴布韦遗址一段被淡忘历史.docVIP

大津巴布韦遗址一段被淡忘历史 　　A mysterious ruin in southern Africa rises out of the highland plains. These walls have been empty for centuries and were considered old before the first 　　European settlers arrived here. The African people who lived around the ruins, the Shona, called them “Great Zimbabwe,” or “stone houses,” but they offered few clues to what happened to the people who lived here. 　　In the 1800s, European 1)colonists, who first saw the structures, did not believe that Africans could have built them. Instead, they thought the houses were the product of an ancient white civilization that disappeared thousands of years ago. Europeans admired African art, but they considered African science and technology to be 2)inferior. They believed that Europeans were 　　3)superior to Africans, who they thought were 4)primitive and incapable of building complex structures. 　　Zimbabwe was a problem for European scholars. If native Africans had built this complex of 5)granite walls and towers, it was proof that they were not inferior after all. Europeans turned to a German 6)geologist, Karl Mauch, for an explanation. Mauch tried to 7)take credit for Zimbabwe away from native Africans, and make European 8)domination seem like a natural condition. 　　Mauch was not the only one with a theory about Zimbabwe. Cecil Rhodes注1 was a driving force behind the European colonization of southern Africa, and he was determined to prove the theory that Great Zimbabwe had been the capital of an ancient Phoenician注2 colony. To prove his theory, Rhodes hired Richard Hall to inspect the ruins. It was Hall’s job to protect Great Zimbabwe, 　　but in his eagerness to find evidence of the Phoenicians, he 9)stripped the ruins of all its artifacts. 10)Archaeologists in England raised a huge 11)outcry over Hall’s poor treatment of the site, and they demanded that he be replaced. 　　Michael Bisson (12)Anthropologist): So an 13)unbiased professional archaeologist was sent in by the British Association for