关于城市道路拥挤收费问题的研究.docVIP

关于城市道路拥挤收费问题的研究 摘 要 随着经济的发展，交通拥挤已成为一个困扰世界各国大中城市的严重问题，城市道路拥挤收费理论的提出，使我们看到了解决问题的希望和途径。 拥挤道路使用收费作为现代城市交通需求管理的有效措施，在理论和实践上都具有十分重要的意义。本文从经济学角度分析城市交通拥挤的原因；综述了拥挤道路使用收费的理论构架，包括静态拥挤道路使用收费的涵义、分类、理论基础及动态收费理论；通过拥挤收费理论局限性的分析，结合车辆动态导航的最新研究成果，提出基于车辆动态导航的拥挤收费新思路，并据此设计出基于车辆动态导航技术的拥挤定价准则，分析了基于车辆动态导航拥挤定价的可行性。本文主要从区域价格方面介绍了拥挤收费方式，并在最后从多个方面对我国实行道路拥挤收费的可能性及存在的问题进行了初步探讨，这对进一步研究城市道路拥挤收费问题有一定的借鉴意义。 关键词：拥挤收费,边际成本,车辆动态导航 THE RESEARCH ON CONGESTION PRICING PROBLEM OF URBAN ROAD Abstract As the development of economy, the traffic jam had become a serious problem which troubled many big or middle cities all over the world. The present of traffic congestion pricing theory make us see the hope and method to solve the problem. Congested road-use pricing, an effective measure of modern urban traffic management, plays an important role in theory and practice. The paper analyzes the reason of the urban traffic jam to the economy view; generalizes the theoretic framework of road-use pricing, including definition, sorts, theoretic foundation of static toll and the theory of dynamic toll. And through analysis of tradition theory for congestion pricing and with the consideration of the latest development in vehicle dynamic navigation, the paper puts forward a new idea about congestion pricing, and designs a rule for congestion pricing based on vehicle dynamic navigation, analyzes the feasibility of congestion pricing based on vehicle dynamic navigation. The paper recommends the fashion of congestion pricing in the direction of area pricing, and at last discusses the possibility of congestion pricing and its problem existing in our country, which is very useful for further research on congested road-use pricing. Key Words: congestion pricing marginal cost vehicle dynamic navigation 引言 随着社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加快，机动车拥有量及道路交通量急剧增加。尤其是在大城市，交通拥挤堵塞以及由此导致的交通事故的增加，环境污染的加剧，已成为城市进一步发展的“热点”问题，并严重影响了城市功能的正常发挥和城市的可持续性发展。 交通拥挤的加剧，不仅造成巨额的经济损失，而且发展严重甚至会导致城市功能的瘫痪。交通拥挤的直接危害是使交通延误增大、行车速度降低、时间损失、低速行驶增加耗油导致燃料费用的增加，增加汽车尾气排污量导致环