近代张家口城市发展研究1860-1937-study on the urban development of zhangjiakou in modern times 1860 - 1937.docx

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近代张家口城市发展研究1860-1937-study on the urban development of zhangjiakou in modern times 1860 - 1937.docx

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近代张家口城市发展研究1860-1937-study on the urban development of zhangjiakou in modern times 1860 - 1937

摘要摘要本文以张家口城市为研究对象，围绕其近代城市发展历程为中心，通过对影响张家口城市发展因素的长时段考察与分析，揭示张家口近代城市发展过程及特点。历史上的张家口曾是著名商道——张库大道的起点和对蒙、俄贸易的物资集散地与中转枢纽，因优越的地理位置而发展起来的“转口贸易”促进了张家口由原来以军事防御为主的封闭型边塞城镇逐步向集军事防御与经济贸易为一体的城市演变。进入近代以后，随着张家口对外开埠，商品经济迅速发展，张家口交通运输、城市结构与功能，人口与教育发展等多方面均有所变化。在推动张家口近代城市发展的众多因素当中，商业起到最为关键的作用，此外开埠、交通等也是推动张家口城市发展的重要促动因素。本文将重点研究影响张家口近代城市发展的主要因素，并对体现张家口近代城市发展面貌的诸多方面进行考量。关键词近代张家口城市发展促动因素变迁AbstractAbstractTakingZhangJiakouastheresearchobject,thispaperfocusesonthemodernurbandevelopmentofit.ThroughstudyingandanalyzingthefactorswhichhadinfluenceupontheurbandevelopmentofZhangJiakou,theprocessofZhangJiakou’smoderndevelopmentanditscharacteristicswillberevealedinthispaper.InthehistoryofZhangJiakou,itonceactedasthestartingstationoftheZhangJiakou---KulunRoadwhichwasaveryinfluentialroadforbusinessinthehistory.ItalsoservedasthedistributioncenterofgoodsandmaterialsaswellastransferhubintheSino-RussiantradeandChinese-Mongoliantrade.Thetransittrade,whichgraduallydevelopedasaresultofitsfavorablegeographiclocation,boostedtheevolutionofZhangJiakoufromaclosedmilitarydefensetowntoacityintegratingthefunctionsofeconomictradeandmilitarydefense.Afterenteringintothemodernperiod,itscommercialeconomydevelopeddramaticallyasitwasopenedasacommercialport.AmongthefactorswhichpromotedthedevelopmentofZhangJiakou,tradeplayedthecrucialrole.Otherfactorssuchasportopeningandtransportationsystemevolutionalsocontributedgreatlytothecity’smoderndevelopment.ThispaperresearchesonthemajorelementswhichaffectedtheurbandevelopmentofZhangJiakou,andalsodiscussessomeaspectswhichrevealthemoderndevelopmentofit.KeywordsmodernperiodZhangJiakouurbandevelopmentpromotingfactorchange目录目录绪论····································································································································1第1章张家口近代城市发展的开端与促动因素·······························································71.1开埠：张家口近代城市发展的开端···········································································71.1.1地理位置与历史沿革············································