抗高磷血症药物-anti - hyperphosphatemia drug.docxVIP

carbonicum calcinatum and lanthanum chloride in ethanol, we can get Sheet sample. This sample is smaller that reachs to nanometer level, so it has larger reaction area. Therefore, its reaction rate of combination with PO43- is faster, requires only 1 hour to complete response, with binding rate also 99%.Futher more, in this paper, we use DSC, FTIR and XRD to investage the γ form nylon 6 whichprepared via “phosphoric acid –ammonia water” vapor, we found that the sample has different lamellar thickness. And when we heat-treated the original sample below its melting point, it occurred γ formtransition to α form at 170℃， which is far below the original samples’ High-temperature meltingpoint(221℃).The last part introduces a method to prepare porous fiber use nylon 6 finefober as raw material and CaCl2 as complexant. We investage the influence of different density of CaCl2 solution and different reaction conditions on the morphology, surface area, and form transform of nylon 6 porous fiber, expected to produce a porous fiber which can be used as filling or blended material, and provide a new thread to prepare nylon 6 porous material.Keywords: hyperphosphataemia; lanthanum carbonate; grinding; nylon 6; γ form; thermal behavior; porous fibers.IV第一章 绪 论第一章 绪论 1.1 抗高磷血症药物-碳酸镧高磷血症高磷血症的定义 磷是人体最丰富的元素之一，主要从肠道内转运到体内，并主要从肾脏排出到体外。参与构成脂肪、蛋白质和细胞膜，是组成高能量磷酸盐复合物(ATP、磷酸肌酸)的基本 成分，血中磷酸盐是调节酸碱平衡的重要缓冲体系，磷还是骨盐主要成分，参与骨及牙 齿的形成。当血液中磷酸盐含量增加，超过正常水平时，就会出现高磷血症。目前，高 磷血症做为最常见慢性肾脏病（CKD），尤其是终末期肾脏病（ESRD）患者的并发症， 受到人们的广泛重视。研究发现[1]，在慢性肾衰竭（CRF）的早期，磷的代谢即发生变 化：血磷轻度升高伴发低血钙引起甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平增高，PTH增高一方面增加 对1-α羟化酶的刺激，使肾脏1,25(0H)2D3 的产生暂时地维持稳定；另一方面PTH 上升使 肾小管对磷的重吸收减少，增加肾脏对磷的排泄，血磷下降，故血磷尚可保持在正常范 围内，此时血磷虽然正常，但却是以PTH 分泌增加为代价；当肾小球滤过率进一步降 低30ml/min时，虽有血PTH的升高，但有效肾单位减少，肾小管对PTH的反应能力也下 降，肾脏对磷的排泄发生障碍，磷即开始在体内积蓄，导致血磷升高。高磷血症的危害 在终末期肾病时，机体磷代谢发生紊乱，刺激甲状旁腺分泌大量的甲状旁腺激素( PTH)，是引起继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进( SHPT) 、钙磷乘积变化、维生素 D 代谢障碍、 肾性骨病的重要因素。同时高磷血症与冠脉病变、心瓣膜钙化等严重心血管并发症亦密 切相关，严重降低患者的生活质量，是终末期肾病患者死亡率增加的主要原因。体内试验证明[2]，高磷血症可以促使 PTH-mRNA 基因的表达引起 SHPT，而 SHP