客运索道滚动轴承振动与声发射检测方法分析-analysis of vibration and acoustic emission detection methods of rolling bearings in passenger ropeway.docxVIP

摘要摘要客运索道是八大类特种设备之一。滚动轴承作为客运索道的重要受力部件，其失效将引起事故的发生和人员的伤亡，但其难以拆卸的特点导致目前尚无成熟有效的检测方法，给索道运行带来巨大的安全隐患。因此，针对客运索道的滚动轴承，迫切需要一种不拆卸的、在役无损检测方法。为此，本文对不同运行状态（正常、故障）滚动轴承的振动信号及声发射信号特性进行研究，初步提出了不同故障的判断方法，为实现客运索道滚动轴承的振动及声发射在线检测及故障诊断奠定了基础。本课题源于“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目，完成的主要工作及成果有：（1）新安装的低速运转的无缺陷23138CA型滚动轴承声发射信号参数统计值曲线中，撞击数累加值曲线和RMS平均值曲线呈现相同的“上升-下降-水平”趋势。（2）对于故障轴承的振动信号，传感器灵敏度的变动对时域指标没有影响；内圈故障轴承振动信号的时域参数统计图呈现一定的规律，随着RMS“先平稳后下降”的趋势，其余参数平均值曲线出现“先平稳后上升”的现象；对于故障轴承的声发射信号，RMS历程图出现明显的峰值信号，且两种故障的峰值间隔不同。（3）观察无缺陷轴承与故障轴承的统计参数变化趋势发现，振动信号时域统计参数RMS有效值，脉冲指标，裕度指标，声发射信号统计参数Hitssum和RMSmean能够区分轴承的无缺陷及两种故障。（4）对某景区索道滚动轴承进行了首次振动和声发射试验，得到该索道轴承的信号参数及频谱分布范围、特征参数值等基础数据。关键词滚动轴承振动声发射参数统计分析故障识别客运索道AbstractAbstractPassengerropewayisoneoftheeighttypesofspecialequipment.Rollingbearingasanimportantstresspartofpassengerropeway,itsfailurewillleadtoaccidentsandcasualties.Thereisnomatureandeffectivemethodofbearingdetectionduetoitsdifficulttodisassemble,whichbringsahugerisktothesaferunningofropeway.Therefore,itisurgenttofindanon-servicenondestructivetestingmethodfortherollingbearings.Consequently,thedissertationstudiesvibrationandAEsignalscharacteristicsofdifferentrollingbearings(normal,fault),alsoproposesfaultrecognitionmethodinitially.AlltheworkestablishedthefoundationforrealizingvibrationandAEon-linedetectionandfaultdiagnosisofrollingbearingsonropeway.Thisprojectcomesfromthe12thFive-yearNationalScienceandTechnologySupportProgram(No.2011BAK06B05),thetasksfinishedareasfollows:Thenewnormalrollingbearing23138CAhasbeenconductedatlow-speedrunningcondition.Byanalyzingthestatisticalparametervariationregularity,TheHitssumandRMSmeanvalueshowedatendencyofup-down-level.Changingsensibilityofsenordefectivehasnoeffectiveonthetimedomainparameterofvibrationsignalsfordefectivebearings.RMSofbearingswithinnerringdefectshowedatendencyoflevel-down,whileotherparametershowedlevel-up.TheRMS-TimegraphofAEsignalsshowedobviouspeakfeatureandthepeakintervalaredifferentofthetwofaults.ThecharacteristicparametersHitssumandRMSmeanofAEsignalsareextractedbyobservin