被动语态---NC2 14.docVIP

左洪菊 NC2 L10 被动语态 定义：主语是动作的承受者 用法：1）不知道动作的执行者是谁 Eg. The watch is made in China. 这块手表是中国制造的。 2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁 Eg. More trees must be planted every year. 每年都应该种更多的树。 3）需要强调或突出动作的承受者时 Eg. Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语 4）句子的主语是动作的承受者 Eg. Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 被动语态的构成 基本结构: be +done (动词的过去分词) 各种时态的被动语态的结构 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is /are + done We clean the room. → The room is cleaned by us. 一般过去时 was/ were + done He made the kite. → The kite was made by him. 现在进行时 am/is /are + being done She is watering flowers. → Flowers are being watered by her. 现在完成时 have+ has+ been done Jim has finished the work. → The work has been finished by Jim.→Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 过去进行时→ A letter was being written by her this time yesterday. 过去完成时 had+ been done Jim had finished the work. → The work had been finished by Jim. 过去将来时 would/ should /be going to+ be done He said he would make a kite. → He said a kite would be made by him. 含有情态动词 can/ may /must + be done I can find him. → He can be found by me. 易混点 主动结构表被动意义 open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut ,burn, drive 等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动的意义。 Eg. This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 Look, sound, taste, smell, 等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。 Eg. Moon cakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很好吃。 在be worth doing中，doing 表示被动意义。 Eg. The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读一读。 Want/ need/ require/ + doing相当于“want /need / require+ to be done” to be done 表示不定式的被动结构 Eg. My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired. 不用被动语态情况 当主句的谓语动词是表示状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。 We will have a meeting. (主动语态) 我们要开个会。→ A meeting will be had by us.(误) 动词let, make, have ,等后跟省略to 的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to, Eg. He makes the girl stay at home. → The girl is made to stay at home by him. 《练习题》 补全句子： This kind of pants ______ well . 这种裤子卖得好。