语法—高中英语定语从句专题.docVIP

复合句——定语从句专题一、定语从句的定义和结构 在句中做定语，修饰句中的名词性成分，被修饰的名词或代词称作先行词。由关系代词或关系副词来引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的位于的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。 定语从句一般位于现行词的后面，有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as和关系副词when, where, why等引导。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句1 who 指人，在从句中作主语。如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 正在和父亲握手的那个人是警察。That is the man who teaches us English. 那就是教我们英语的那个人。2 whom 指人， 在从句中作宾语，常可省略。如：Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。3 whose 通常指人，也有指事物，在从句中作定语。如：This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. 这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in. 没有人要这个房顶已倒塌的房子。4 which 指事物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 词典是解释词语的书。 The young man was very happy to get back (领会) the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train. 5 that指事物， 也可指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。如：She is the only one among us that knows French. There are some films (that) I’d like to watch. 三、关系副词引导的定语从句1 when 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time, day, hour, year等）。如：October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. From the time when he was little, he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 2 where表示地点，其先行词多是表示地点的名词（如place, room, house, street, area等）。如：This is the place where my brother was born. Is this the room where we were living last winter? 3 why 表示原因， 常用在先行词reason后面。如：Ｉdon’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today. The reason why he said that is quite clear. 四、关系代词前面带介词的定语从句 关系代词which， whom在定于从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常由“介词+which/ whom”引出。talking in the office is a friend of mine. 这类从句中的介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可以省略。The situation (which) we had got into was very dangerous. The man (whom) we sent the present to is a doctor of laws. 定语从句也可以由“名词（代词、数次）+介词+which（whom）”引出。The house the windows of which were damaged has now been repaired. We have two spare rooms upstairs, neither of which has been much used in the past two years. 五、关系代词as引导的定语从句as也可以用作关系代词，既可