对比翻译第三章.docVIP

什么是翻译批评？《中国翻译词典》（184页，“翻译与批评”词条，1997年，湖北教育出版社）给了如下定义：“翻译批评即参照一定的标准，对翻译过程及其译作质量与价值进行全面的评价。” 等值论要求着重从思想形象内容的等值转换着眼，从言语形式的等值转换着手，达到内容等值与形式等值的统一。在文学翻译中，则要求神似与形似的统一，要求作品艺术价值的等值与作品言语价值等值的统一。要求从神似着眼，从形式入手，在最大限度保存原文语言的言语特征的条件下，达到“神似与形似浑然一体”的境界。神似离不开形似，整个篇章的艺术价值的等值离不开作品言语价值的等值；同样，形似也离不开神似，作品言语价值的等值也需服从篇章的艺术等值的要求。等值论是内容形式的统一论，要求在内容与形式的统一中，在神似与形似的统一中，达到译作的等值转换。? ??????????????????????? It may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, before Caesar set foot in southern Britain, the whole country-side visible from the windows of the room in which I write, was in what is called the state of nature. Except, it may be, by raising a few sepulchral mounds, such as those which still, here and there, break the flowing contours of the downs, mans hands had made no mark upon it; and the thin veil of vegetation which overspread the broad-backed heights and the shelving sides of the coombs was unaffected by his industry. The native grasses and weeds, the scattered patches of gorse, contended with one another for the possession of the scanty surface soil; they fought against the droughts of summer, the frosts of winter, and the furious gales which swept, with unbroken force, now from the Atlantic, and now from the North Sea, at all times of the year; they filled up, as they best might, the gaps made in their ranks by all sorts of underground and overground animal ravagers. One year with another, an average population, the floating balance of the unceasing struggle for existence among the indigenous plants, maintained itself. It is as little to be doubted, that an essentially similar state of nature prevailed, in this region, for many thousand years before the coming of Caesar; and there is no assignable reason for denying that it might continue to exist through an equally prolonged futurity, except for the intervention of man.? 牋牋牋牋 ?hous赫胥黎独处一室之中,在英伦之南,背山而面野,槛外诸境,历历如在几下。乃悬想二千年前,当罗马大将恺彻未到时,此间有何景物。计惟有天造草昧,人功未施,其借征人境者,不过几处荒坟,散见坡陀起伏间,而灌木丛林,蒙茸山麓,未经删治如今日者, 则无疑也。怒生之草,交加之藤,势如争长相雄。各据一抔壤土,夏与畏日