论纪昀的诗学观与诗歌批评研究-on ji yuns poetics and poetic criticism research.docxVIP

摘要本文主要研究纪昀的诗学观和诗歌批评。在中国学术批评史上，纪昀是足可称为屈指可数的批评大师。他从千年的“源流正伪”中清理中国古代诗歌遗产，从中提取诗歌美学范型，从而为抒情诗的发展指示了方向。纪昀汲取中国传统诗歌的精华，论诗坚持以“情”为本体，他认为诗歌是吟咏情性的，强调诗歌抒写的是真情，由此出发，纪昀进而有诗贵含蓄、诗重自然的诗学观，他对违背诗歌审美特点的两种评诗倾向进行反思，维护了正确的诗学观和评诗方法，这更能突出他的诗学价值。“涵咏与化”的直观批评方法，“会意于言外”的细参方法以及“比而观之”的比较批评方法是纪昀诗歌批评中的三类批评方法。纪昀认为对诗歌批评不能忽视了诗歌的内在意蕴，他所用的“涵咏与化”的直观批评方法和“会意于言外”的细参方法就是从微观的角度、从诗歌本身的审美艺术特点的要求出发，以此来评骘历代诗作，对符合这一特点的诗作即肯定其艺术价值，而对违背了这一标准的评诗方法提出了批评，这表明了纪昀对中国诗歌特质有深切的把握。他所用的比较批评既包括纵向比较又包括横向比较，或求同，或析异，从宏观的角度通过寻求同异的对比和类比来确定批评客体的价值和地位。批评方法是批评思维方式的一种具体形式，从纪昀的文学批评中凸现出鲜明的辩证思维特色。其主要表现为两方面：注重于整体与联系：注重全面考察，防止片面性和简单化。自觉的辩证思维意识使纪昀的文学批评比较公正、平允、通达。关健词：纪昀，诗学观，诗歌批评，辩证思维ABSTRACTThistextmainlystudiesJiYun’spoeticthoughtsandpoetrycriticism．InthehistoryofChinesesciencecriticism，JiYuncanbewellcalledagreatcritic．Hesoredoutthelegacyoftheancientpoetryfromthethousand—yearresourcesofChinesepoetry，fromwhichheabstractedthemodelofpoetryestheticstherefore，heshowedthedirectionofthedevelopmentoflyrics．JiYundrewtheeliteofChinesetraditionalpoetryandheinsistedthesentimentbethecenterwhilewediscussedpoetry．Hethoughtpoetrywastochanttemperamentandemphasizedthetruefeelingfromthepoetry．Fromthispoint，JiYunshowedhispoeticthoughtsofvaluingconnotationandemphasizingnature．JiYunself—examinedtwopoetrycriticismtendencywhichobeyedthecharaeterofpoetrytasteandprotectedtherightpoeticthoughtsandcriticalmethodonpoetry，whichfurtheroutstandhispoetrySClenee。HereareJiYun’sthreemainpoetrycriticalmethods，thatistosay，theaudio—visualcriticalmethodoffeelingsandpoemsmixedtogether，thefractionizingmethodofcatchingthemeaningsnofthepoemsoutofthewordsandthecomparingcriticalmethodofwatchingforcomparision声JiYunthoughttheconnotationofpoetrycouldntbeover-lookedwhilecriticìzìngpoetry.Startingfromthecommandofthemicropointofviewandthepoetrystastingarticlecharacters，JiYunsaudiovisualcriticalmethodoffeelingsandpoemsmixedtogetherandfractionizingmethodofcatchingthemeaningsofthepoemsoutofthewords，commentedonthepoeticworksofsuccessivedynastiesandconfirmedtheart?clevalueofthepoeticworkswhichmetthec