定语从句三个重要概念.docVIP

定语从句的三个重要概念 ? 1. 定义：用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做。如： The man you talked about is our headmaster. 你们刚才所谈论的那个人是我们的校长 This is the bike my father gave me as my birthday present. 这是我父亲送给我作为生日礼物的单车。 The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year. 那棵叶子红色的树是去年栽的 2. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的词就叫做，它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。如： The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old. 在舞台上唱歌的那个男孩今年才九岁。(现行词是名词) Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 任何愿意帮助他人的人都欢迎来参加我们的组织。(现行词是代词) His mother is out of danger, which excites their family very much. 他母亲脱离了危险，这件事情使他们家兴奋不已。(现行词是句子) 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词就叫做。根据关系词的用法不同，关系词又分和，其中关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but等，关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词既起连接先行词与定语从句的作用，又做从句中的某个句子成分。如： Lee is one of the students who are working very hard. 李是一个学习非常努力的学生。(引导词who) There is nobody but knows you here. 这儿没有不认识你的人。(引导词but) He led us to a place where we have never been before. 他把我们带到了我们以前从未去过的地方。 (引导词where) ?who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解 ? 在定语从句中，关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意： 一用who (whom) 而不用that的情形 (1) 在中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom)。如： My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在国外学习，就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。 (2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who (whom)。如： Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？ (3) 当先行词为people和those时，只能用who (whom)。如： Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。 (4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，只能用who (whom)。如： Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。 (5) 先行词指人，而时，一般多用who。如： The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。 (6) 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who (whom)。如： There are students in our class who / whom you have met. 我们班有些学生你见过。 (7) 当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如： The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university. 刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。 二、用that 而不用who (wh