blueprint(设计图).pptVIP

Chapter 11 - Templates 11.1 Introduction Templates - easily create a large range of related functions or classes function template - the blueprint（设计图） of the related（相关的） functions template function - a specific（具体的） function made from a function template 11.2 Function Templates overloaded functions perform similar（相似的） operations on different data types function templates perform identical（相同的） operations on different data types provide type checking Format: templateclass type, class type... can use class or typename - specifies type parameters（类型参数） template class T template typename ElementType template class BorderType, class FillType Function definition follows template statement 11.2 Function Templates (II) 1. Function template definition 1.1 Initialize variables 2. Call template functions 3. Output Program Output 11.3 Overloading Template Functions related template functions have same name compiler uses overloading resolution to call the right one function template can be overloaded other function templates can have same name but different number of parameters non-template function can have same name but different arguments compiler tries to match function call with function name and arguments if no precise match, looks for function templates if found, compiler generates and uses template function if no matches or multiple matches are found, compiler gives error 11.4 Class Templates class templates allow type-specific（特定类型） versions of generic（通用） classes Format: template class T class ClassName{ definition } Need not use T, any identifier will work To create an object of the class, type ClassName type myObject; Example: Stack double doubleStack; 11.4 Class Templates (II) Template class functions declared normally, but preceded by templateclass T generic data in class listed as type T binary scope resolution operator used Template class function definition: templateclass T MyClass T ::MyClass(int size) { myArray = new T[size]; } constru