国外AdvancedCognitivePsychology课程课件-othermemory.pptVIP

Other Memory Distinctions and Phenomena Other Memory distinctions and phenomena Voluntary/Involuntary retention Prospective/Retrospective memory Flashbulb memories and memory for traumatic events The reconstructive nature of memory Remembering the source False memories Metamemory Voluntary/Involuntary retention Covers much of the same ground as conscious/nonconscious memory Some memories are actively ‘searched’ for Other times there is recollection without effort Voluntary/Involuntary retention Voluntary Deliberate willful retention May reflect automatic processes Trying to remember some event but doing so because of some priming from the environment Example trying to remember the name of the candy store you used to go to as a kid, but doing so because you passed by a similar looking one walking down the street (though wasn’t consciously aware of doing so) Involuntary May have conscious recollection of automatically retrieved information Unaware of source (though may determine later) Example: Stupid 80s song gets stuck in your head seemingly out of nowhere Retrospective/Prospective memory Retrospective memory Memory for the past Everything we’ve been talking about up until this point Prospective memory Memory for future events, or how we remember to do things at a later time Memory for the execution of delayed intentions Everyday memory Example: Pick up groceries on the way home after work Prospective memory Basic lab paradigm (Einstein McDaniel, 1990) When one sees a target word displayed in some task (e.g. pleasantness rating) perform some action Press a key Event-based vs. Time-based cues The cue and action How reminders can help Guynn, McDaniel, Einstein (1998) Reminded of cue Reminded of action to be performed Reminded of both Best performance Suggests binding the cue to the action may be most important part of PM process (Guynn, McDaniel, Einstein 2001) Retrospective/Prospective memory Is the distinction necessary? Descriptively, the distinction denotes two