波流共同作用下黄河入海悬浮物质三维扩散规律分析-analysis of three-dimensional diffusion law of suspended substances in the yellow river into the sea under the combined action of wave and current.docxVIP
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波流共同作用下黄河入海悬浮物质三维扩散规律分析-analysis of three-dimensional diffusion law of suspended substances in the yellow river into the sea under the combined action of wave and current
波流共同作用下黄河入海悬浮物质三维扩散规律研究摘要黄河是我国第二大河流,同时也是世界著名的多沙河流。近年来,黄河河口不断出现新的问题,入海泥沙量的减少导致部分岸线侵蚀后退。现阶段,研究黄河入海泥沙等物质扩散规律对于黄河口附近海域的功能布局规划有着重要的指导意义。本文运用Delft3D水动力数值模拟软件建立了黄河口三维数值模型,采用曲线正交网格,计算区域覆盖黄河河口三角洲和滨海区,包含莱州湾和部分渤海湾的南渤海潮波系统,开边界从河北曹妃甸延伸至山东龙口。通过与实测数据对比验证,证实了模型的准确性。对河口流场分析可得,黄河滨海区存在着三大高流速区。河口在涨潮、落潮时段分别存在着两个不同类型的切变锋形态,历时为2个小时左右,切变带主要集中在现行黄河口沙嘴外10m等深线附近。整个涨落潮过程在黄河入海口附近呈现往复流的特性。滨海区的三大流速区对应了较大的悬沙浓度值和床面剪切应力。为探讨黄河入海水沙量对河口悬浮物质扩散的影响,本文依据2008年6月至9月黄河汛期时逐日水沙资料,并截取洪峰时径流量和悬沙浓度作为河流入口边界条件,模拟了一个月中径流量的变化对河口悬浮物质扩散的影响。研究径流对潮波的影响发现,沿程高低潮位均有明显变化,影响范围直至河口外8km处;横向潮波伴随着径流量的增大波形变形越大,且对低潮位的影响大于高潮位。此外,径流入海对表层流场、盐度的影响显著,径流量越大口门处流速就越大且滞流点位置就越远离外海,淡水输送范围也越远且易形成盐水楔。入海泥沙在径流的带动下向外海扩散,且输送距离与径流量的大小成正比,大量泥沙落淤的位置对应了滞流点的位置。波流相互作用下,流速垂向分布梯度减小,表层流速降低底层流速增大;盐度垂向掺混强烈,削弱了表层径流的扩散。关键词:黄河口;波流共同作用;逐日径流;数值模拟;三维扩散ANumericalstudyof3DsuspendedmattertransportofYellowRiverwithwave-currentinteractionAbstractTheYellowRiveristhesecondlargestriverinChina,butalsotheworldfamoussandyriver.Becauseofitslackofwaterandplentyofsand,themorphologyofYellowRiverDeltaisunstable,whichcauseaseriousthreattothestabilityandlifeoftheestuaryarearesidents.Inrecentyears,therearenewproblemsintheYellowRiverestuary.Reductionoftheamountofsedimentintothesealeadstoshorelineretreaterosion.Atthisstage,thestudyoftherunoffandsedimenttransportintheYellowRiverestuaryisofgreatsignificant.Inthispaper,theDelft3Dhydrodynamicnumericalsimulationsoftwareischosentoestablishathree-dimensionalnumericalmodeloftheYellowRiverDelta.Inthismodel,acurvilineargridcoveredoverYellowriverdeltasandcoastalareaisbuiltup,whichcontainsLaizhouBayandpartoftheBohaiBay.Openboundarylocatesintheeast,extendsfromCaofeidiantoLongkou.Validationbycomparisonwiththemeasureddataconfirmedtheaccuracyofthemodel.TheestuaryflowfieldshowstherearethreehighvelocityzonesinthecoastalareaoftheYellowRiver.Moreover,twopatternsoftheshearfront,eachofwhichlastsfor2hours,wereidentifiedatthefloodandebbtidephases,respectively.Sedimenttransportnearthedeltadependsontheforceofrunoffandtideflow.However,thedistanceofsedimenttranspor
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