对於许多的鸟类而言.docVIP

Topic: Nest concealment and parental behavior interact in affecting nest survival in the blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla): an experimental evaluation of the parental compensation hypothesis Author: Vladimír?Reme Journal: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (2005) 58:326-333 Advisor: 李培芬 Speaker: 陳宛均 Abstract: 對於許多的鳥類而言，其鳥巢的隱蔽度與其族群量的變動有強烈的相關。有些研究指出，鳥巢的隱蔽度天敵掠食壓力，但是也有其他研究並未得到相同的結果。造成這種結果可能是因為親鳥的行為彌補了鳥巢隱蔽度之不足，為此Vladimír?Reme針對(Sylvia atricapilla)進行實驗研究，透過操作覆蓋鳥巢的植物多寡來探討鳥巢隱蔽度對鳥類繁殖成功率的影響。結果發現在親鳥有無的兩種鳥巢類型以及鳥巢不同育雛時期有顯著的差異。而且實驗結果顯示，自然狀態下的鳥巢，其鳥巢隱蔽度並不影響其繁殖成功率。另一方面，在缺少親鳥活動的真實鳥巢中放入橡皮泥假蛋模擬真實鳥巢狀況的實驗中，發現鳥巢隱蔽度越高越不容易被天敵掠食。親鳥的守護防禦行為可能對隱蔽度低的鳥巢有補償性的作用。因此，在孵卵期時的鳥巢隱蔽度與被掠食率沒有太大的關係；而在育雛期鳥巢的隱蔽度就顯的較為重要。因為比起育雛期在巢中花費的時間(40%)親鳥在孵卵期時會在巢中花比較多的時間孵卵(80%)，可以對於隱蔽度低的鳥巢有一些補償性的行為。基本上，由於鳥類有多方面的補償行為，所以無法僅以估計鳥巢隱蔽度或是藉由詮釋鳥類的行為狀態來探討鳥巢被天敵掠食的風險。 Reference: Burhans DE, Thompson FR (2001) Relationship of songbird nest concealment to nest fate and flushing behavior of adults. Auk 118:237–242 Reme V (2005) Birds and rodents destroy different nests: a study of blackcap Sylvia atricapilla using the removal of nest concealment. Ibis 147:213–217 Weidinger K (2002) Interactive effects of concealment, parental behaviour and predators on the survival of open passerine nests. J Anim Ecol 71:424–437 Topic: Nest concealment and parental behavior interact in affecting nest survival in the blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla): an experimental evaluation of the parental compensation hypothesis Author: Vladimír?Reme Journal: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (2005) 58:326-333 Advisor: Pei-Fen Lee Speaker: Wan-June Chen Abstract: Nest concealment varies strongly within populations of many species. Although some studies have revealed the beneficial effects of concealment in mitigating predation pressure on nests, other studies were unable to find similar effects. One potential reason for the mixed results is that parental behavior may compensate for the effects of nest cover, and specifically designed experimental studies are n