(数据库原理课件）Chapter3-1 Relational Theory教学教材.pptVIP

Database Design. School of software * Chapter 3 Relational Theory 任课教师：何婧 hejing@ynu.edu.cn Objective Describe the relational model. Identify the symbols used in an ER diagram. Define and select a primary key. Explain the role of foreign keys. Identify and apply integrity rules. Explain the advantages of relational database. The Relational Model The relational model is perhaps the simplest and most intuitive data model ever developed. The entire model is based upon tables with rows and columns. Tables are called relations, hence the term relational model is used. Equivalent Terms Exhibit 2-1: Relational Model-Equivalent Terms Entity Relationship Diagrams One customer places many orders; Each order belongs to one customer. One employee has many dependents; Each dependent belongs to one employee. One-to-Many Relationships: Parent vs. Child The crows foot points to the child. Exhibit 2-2: One-to-Many Relationships Primary Keys Unique Minimal Not Null Nonupdateable A primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table. Unique But NOT Minimal Primary Keys Exhibit 2-5: Unique But NOT Minimal Primary Keys Unique and Minimal Primary Keys Exhibit 2-6: Email Is a Unique AND Minimal Primary Key Primary Keys Formed from Existing Fields Exhibit 2-7: Primary Keys Formed from Existing Fields Computer-Generated Primary Keys Computer-generated keys are often formed by adding one to the last number assigned. Primary keys might also be computer generated to establish a single-field primary key, as opposed to one formed of multiple fields. Exhibit 2-8: Computer-Generated Primary Keys Foreign Keys Create Relationships A parent table reproduces its primary key values in every child table to which it connects. Because these reproduced values originate outside of the child table, they are called foreign keys. Exhibit 2-9: Foreign Keys Create Relationships Weak Entity A dependent table (also called a weak entity) is a child table that requires a parent table for identification.