(神经解剖学)Trochlear nerve and abducent nerve知识讲稿.pptxVIP

Trochlear nerve and abducent nerveTrochlear nerveThe?trochlear nerve?,also called the?fourth nerve (IV) ,is a motor nerve (having general somatic motor fiber) that innervates a single muscle: the superior oblique?muscle of the eye.The superior oblique muscle ends in a tendon that passes through a fibrous loop, the?trochlea, located anteriorly on the medial aspect of the orbit.?Trochlea?means “pulley” in Latin; the fourth nerve is named after this structure.The?/wiki/Trochlear_nucleusnucleus of the trochlear nerve?is located in the caudal?/wiki/Mesencephalonmesencephalon?beneath the?/wiki/Cerebral_aqueductcerebral aqueduct. It is immediately below the nucleus of the?/wiki/Oculomotor_nerveoculomotor nerve?(III) in the rostral mesencephalon. The trochlear nerve is unique among the cranial nerves in several respects. It is the smallest nerve in terms of the number of axons it contains. It has the greatest intracranial length. it is the only cranial nerve that decussates (crosses to the other side) before innervating its target. it is the only cranial nerve that exits from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem. Abducent nerveAbducent NPure motor (GSM) ; Pons ; Superior orbital fissureMotor to lateral rectus that turns eye laterally Emerges from the Abducent nucleus →pontine cirstern →runs the longest course in the subarachnoid space of all the CN → bends over the crest of the petrous part of the temporal bone → enter the cavernous sinus → company with the internal carotid a. → enter the orbit through the superior orbital fissure → lateral rectusMotor to lateral rectus that turns eye laterally Abducent nerve injury: esotropiaWhat are they in common ? pure motor nerves the superior orbital fissure into orbit, dominant single muscleWhat are the differences between these two nerves?展神经为一般躯体运动纤维组成的运动性脑神经。起于脑桥被盖部的展神经核，纤维向腹侧自延髓脑桥沟中线外侧出脑，前行至颞骨沿部尖端，自后壁穿入海绵窦。在窦内沿颈内动脉动脉外下方前行，经眶上裂穿总腱环入眶，从外直肌后部的内侧面入该肌。展神经损伤可引起外直肌瘫痪，产生内斜视。展神经为一般躯体运动纤维组成的运动性脑神经。起于脑桥被盖部的展神经核，纤维向腹侧自延髓脑桥沟中线外侧出脑，前行