统计与R和S- Plus的.pdfVIP

Statistics with R and S-Plus tutorial presented at the Third Workshop on Experimental Methods in Language Acquisition Research (EMLAR) Hugo Quen´e Utrecht institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University hugo.quene@let.uu.nl www.hugoquene.nl 7 November 2006 Abstract This workshop will introduce the R programming environment for statistical analysis. Contrary to SPSS which is procedure-oriented (commands are verbs, e.g. “compute”), R is object-oriented (objects are nouns, e.g. “factor”). In this workshop, we will try to ease the learning curve of using R for your data analysis. Experience with sta- tistical software is NOT required! We will use data simulation as well as real data sets, to explore topics like t-tests, chi-square tests, and lo- gistic regression. We will also show how R produces publication-quality figures. If time permits, we will also explore how to extend R with your own routines for analyzing and/or plotting data. You are encouraged to bring your own data set, if accompanied by a “codebook” file speci- fying variables (columns), data codes, etc. (Both files must be in plain ASCII). 1 Introduction This tutorial offers a first introduction into R, which is an improved and freeware version of S. For most tasks, the freeware R and its commercial sister S-Plus work in the same way and produce similar results. Most of the ideas in this tutorial apply to both R and S-Plus, although this document focuses on R in the interest of clarity. R is available as freeware from , where one can also find a wealth of information and documentation. S-Plus is d