青岛市蔬菜生产基地农药残留源头污染及降解动态分析-dynamic analysis of source pollution and degradation of pesticide residue in vegetable production base of qingdao city.docxVIP

青岛市蔬菜生产基地农药残留源头污染及降解动态研究摘要本文通过对即墨市、莱西市和平度市8个乡镇的大棚和露地的蔬菜生产基地的111个土样进行取样分析，对六六六、滴滴涕在土壤中的残留情况进行调查。结合土壤取样，同时去土壤采样点上所生产的蔬菜样品共36个，检测项目有氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、联苯菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯、三氯杀螨醇、敌敌畏、乐果、毒死蜱、乙酰甲胺磷、三唑酮、六六六、滴滴涕、百菌清15项。通过对青岛市主要蔬菜生产基地土壤和农产品中的农药残留现状研究，取得了农民使用农药的基本情况，为治理农药残留工作提供参考。结果表明，111个土壤中六六六、滴滴涕的残留量全都符合GB15618-1995《土壤环境质量标准》，36个蔬菜产品中的15项农药残留量也都符合GB2763-2005《食品中农药的最大残留限量》。研究了番茄在大棚栽培条件下，喷施联苯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、百菌清、乐果和马拉硫磷这六种农药在番茄中的残留降解动态和最终残留量。试验结果表明，一定的时间后不同农药在番茄中的残留量差异较大，其中有机氯、拟除虫菊酯农药在番茄中的残留量较少，四种农药在推荐和加倍用量下不到5d，都达到了国家限量标准。在加倍用量下百菌清降解半衰期7.70d，半衰期最长。乐果在推荐用量和加倍用量下的半衰期分别为5.22d和5.89d；马拉硫磷半衰期为分别3.79d和4.54d。因此要科学安全地使用农药，充分考虑农药的半衰期，确保无公害番茄的安全生产。关键词：农药残留；农药；降解；番茄；ResearchonthesourceofpesticidepollutioninQingdaovegetableproductionbasesanddegradationdynamicsAbstractOnehundredandelevensoilsampleswerecollectedfromdifferentsitesofvegetableproductionbasesinQingdaoandtheresiduesofBHCandDDTwerestudiedinSoil.Combinedwithsoilsampling,36vegetablesamplesfromwherethesoilcollected,15kindsofpesticideresidueswereanalyzedusingGC.BasedonthepesticideresidueofsoilandagriculturalproductsfromQingdaomainvegetableproductionbase,weknowthebasicstatusoftheapplicationofpesticidesbymeansofinvestigation.ItindicatedthatresidualcontentsofBHCandDDTinsoilaregenerallowerthanStateStandard(GB15618-1995).57pesticideresiduesintestvegetableproductsarefarbelowthestatestandardsofmaximumresiduelimitsforpesticidesinfood(GB2763-2005).Thedegradationdynamicsofpesticidesresidueandfinalresidueintomatowereinvestigatedbyplasticgreenhousecultivation,suchasthoseofbifenthrin,cypermethrin,fenvalerate,chlorothalonil,dimethoate,andmalathion.Theresultsshowedthatdifferentkindsofpesticideresiduesintomatoareobviousdifference.Therearefewerorganochlorineandpyrethroidpesticidesresiduesintomato.FourkindsofpesticideshavereachedthestandardsofChinalessthan5dbyitsrecommendeddoseanddoubledose.Accordingtothedoubledose,thehalf-lifeofchlorothalonilisabout7.70d,whichisthelongestinthepesticidesabove.Twokindsoforganophosphoruspesticidesintherecommendeddosageandthedoubled