钢轨涡流对ems型低速磁浮列车悬浮力影响的分析-analysis of the influence of rail eddy current on suspension force of ems low-speed maglev train.docxVIP

摘要电磁悬浮型低速磁浮系统通常采用无叠片钢轨，悬浮电磁铁与轨道的相对运动导致钢轨中产生涡流。涡流会减弱气隙磁场使悬浮力下降，尤其是在电磁铁端部，并且随着车辆运行速度的增大悬浮力下降更明显。同时，涡流还会产生与直线感应电机推进力相反的阻力。本文对钢轨涡流效应进行了分析和初步的实验验证，并提出了减弱涡流影响的方案。本文主要做了以下工作：首先用解析法和数值法分别对钢轨涡流效应进行了理论分析。结果表明：涡流密度随列车运行速度的提高而增大；涡流改变了气隙磁通密度的分布，随着速度的提高，电磁铁前端气隙磁通密度减弱，末端气隙磁通密度增强，平均气隙磁通密度减小。涡流导致悬浮力随速度的增大而减小；电磁铁长度、磁极宽度、轨道厚度、悬浮间隙等参数均会影响电磁铁的涡流－速度特性。其次设计了永磁磁路以减弱钢轨涡流对悬浮力的影响。该永磁磁路采用由铁轭和永磁体组成的U型结构，并通过设计永磁体尺寸，使其工作在最大磁能积点附近，以达到减轻自重和减小成本的目的。仿真结果表明采用该永磁磁路能够有效减弱钢轨涡流对电磁铁悬浮力的影响。最后以唐山试验线低速磁浮列车CMS-04为实验对象对钢轨涡流效应进行实验验证。利用磁悬浮监控与数据采集系统记录的实验数据，从定性和定量两方面对钢轨涡流效应进行分析。实验结果表明钢轨涡流确实降低了电磁铁悬浮力，验证了钢轨涡流效应的理论分析结果。主题词：低速磁浮列车电磁铁悬浮力涡流ABSTRACTNon-laminatedsteelrailsarenormallyusedinlow-speedEMS(ElectromagneticSuspension)maglevsystemsandconsequentlyeddycurrentsareeasilyinducedinrailsbymovingmagnets.Theinducededdycurrentweakensthemagneticfieldintheair-gapanddecreasesthelevitationforce,particularlyneartheleadingendofthemagnet，anditdecreasesthelevitationforceastheincreaseofthevehiclespeed.Theeddycurrentalsogeneratesadragforceagainstthepropulsiongeneratedbythelinearinductionmotor(LIM).Theanalyseoftheeddycurrentproblemandexperimentsweretaken.Themajorworkdoneinthisthesisislistedbelow:Firstly,analyticalandnumericalanalysesoftheeddycurrentprobleminthemaglevrailsarepresentedinthispaper.Theresultsindicatethat：theeddycurrentdensityincreaseswiththevehiclespeed;thedistributionofair-gapfluxdensitymaybedisturbedbytheeddycurrenteffect；highervehiclespeedleadstoareductionofair-gapfluxdensityinthefrontendareaandanincreaseofair-gapfluxdensityinthebackendareaoftheelectromagnet;asaresult,itleadstoaweakerair-gapfluxdensityinaverage;thelevitationforcedecreaseswiththevehiclespeedbecauseoftheeddycurrent;parameterssuchasthelengthandthewidthoftheelectromagnet,thethicknessoftherail,thesuspensiongap,etc,affectthespeedcharacteristicsoftheelectromagnet.Secondly,apermanentmagneticcircuitisdesignedforcompensatingtheinfluencesofeddycurrent.ThepermanentmagneticcircuitincludesayokeandapermanentmagnetwhicharedesignedinU-shape,andtoreduceweightandthecost,