(转动定律).pptVIP

* Newton’s second law for rotation (转动定律） 应用物理系—张春华 Key words: Particle （质点） Rigid body（刚体） Rotational inertia（转动惯量） Torque（力矩） (1) Angular position: （角位置） (2) Angular displacement:（角位移） (3) Angular velocity（角速度） (4) Angular acceleration（角加速度） 1. The rotational variables: REVIEW! R m C Reference line Zero angular position ? Rotation axis ? 2. Relationship of the linear and angular variables Distance: Speed: Tangential acceleration: Radial acceleration: REVIEW! 3. Rotational inertia （转动惯量）: For rigid body : For particle: I = m r 2 Unit: kg.m2 The rotational inertia involves both mass and its distribution. dm r M axis REVIEW! Newton’s second law for rotation (转动定律） （1）Torque (力矩） Unit: N.m Where and ? is the angle between and , Ft is the component of perpendicular to . Torque is a turning or twisting action on a body about a rotation axis due to a force. O ? z F P ? r d F t Notes: (1) Torque is a vector. Its direction always along the axis (for rotating about fixed axis), either positive or negative. (right hand rule) (2) If several torque act on a rigid body that rotate about a fixed axis, the net torque is the sum of individual torque. (3) The net torque of internal forces of rigid body is zero. F1 F2 R O o d fij fji mi mj r1 (2) Newton’s second law for rotation (转动定律） Newton’s second law： For rigid body: Treat the rigid body as a collection of particles, for one mass element mi : F i and f i are the external and internal forces acting on the mass element . Then we have: Only the tangential component of the force can accelerate the particle along the path. So: f i O ω,α ri ? z F i mi ? fit Fit For whole rigid body: That is: *