第七篇 章路线图 空气动力学课件.ppt

For a calorically perfect gas, h0 = cpT0 . Thus, the above results also state that the total temperature is constant throughout the steady, inviscid, adiabatic flow of a calorically perfect gas; i.e. 对于量热完全气体， h0 = cpT0 。因此，上面的结果也表明了对于定常、无粘、绝热的量热完全气体，总温保持不变，即 （7.56） * * 完全气体 内能和焓 热力学复习 热力学第一定律 熵及热力学第二定律 等熵关系式 压缩性定义 无粘可压缩流动的控制方程 总条件的定义 有激波的超音速流动的定性了解 第七章路线图 7.3. DEFINITION OF COMPRESSIBILITY (压缩性定义) All real substances are compressible to some greater or lesser extend. When you squeeze or press on them, their density will change. This is particularly true of gases. (所有的真实物质都是可压缩的,当我们压挤它们时,它们的密度会发生变化,对于气体尤其是这样.) The amount by which a substance can be compressed is given by a specific property of the substance called the compressibilty , defined below. 物质可被压缩的大小程度称为物质的压缩性. Consider a small element of fluid of volume . The pressure exerted on the sides of the element is p. If the pressure is increased by an infinitesimal amount dp, the volume will change by a negative amount . By definition, the compressibility is given by: (7.33) as (7.36) Physically, the compressibility is a fractional change in volume of the fluid element per unit change in pressure.(从物理上讲,压缩性就是每单位压强变化引起的流体微元单位体积内的体积变化) 7.4 GOVERNING EQUATIONS FOR INVISCID, COMPRESSIBLE FLOW (无粘、可压缩流控制方程) For inviscid, incompressible flow, the primary dependent variables are the pressure p and the velocity . Hence, we need only two basic equations, namely the continuity and the momentum equations. 对于无粘、不可压缩流动，基本自变量是压强 p和速度　　。因此我们只需要两个基本方程，即连续方程和动量方程。 Indeed, the basic equations are combined to obtain Laplace’s equation and Bernoulli’s equation, which are the primarily tools the applications disc