湛博士——美国轻型车排放法规对我们的启示9.pdfVIP

What We Can Learn From Current And Future US Light-Duty Emission Regulations 美国轻型车排放法规对我们的启示 湛日景Reggie Zhan Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, Texas, USA July 2014 内容提要Agenda • 简介Introduction – 北京的大气质量Air Quality Issues in Beijing – 排放法规About Emission Regulations – 欧洲和美国的轻型车排放限值 Emission Limits of EU and US LD Vehicles – 实际运行中的排放控制 Real-World Emissions Control • 美国轻型车排放法规简介 Brief Overview of the US Light-Duty Emission Regulations • 总结和建议 Summary and Recommendations 2 北京大气质量（PM2.5和O3为主要问题） Beijing Air Quality: 2008 – 2014 (PM2.5, O3) ~70% 3 PM2.5 Control: PM, VOC, NOx from engines About PM2.5 • PM2.5 : “fine” PM • Source with a nominal – Direct / Primary d2.5 m – PM, dust, organics, metals • Compositions: – Secondary: – Acids – Sulfates (SO2 from power – nitrates and sulfates plants, automobile and – Organic chemicals industrial facilities) – Metals – Nitrates (NOx from power plants, automobiles, and – Soil or dust other combustion – Allergens sources) – pollen or mold spores PM2.5 Control: PM, VOC, NOx from engines 4 地表O3和雾霾Ground Level O3 and Smog • 高空O3是有益的 “Good O ” • 来源Source of O : 3