经济学原理2015年.pptVIP

Made by: Kyky（张琦） 3.18 2015 Part 1 Introduction CHAPTER 1 Ten Principles of Economics CHAPTER 2 Thinking Like an Economist CHAPTER3 Interdependence and the Gains from Trade Chapter 1 Principles of Economics The word economy comes from the Greek word oikonomos, which means one who manages a household. At first, this origin might seem peculiar. But in fact, households and economics have much in common. Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources. Principle 1: People Face Trade- offs Principle 2: The Cost of Something Is What You Give Up to Get It Principle 3: Rational People Think at the Margin Principle 4: People Response to Incentives Principle 5: Trade Can Make Everyone Better Off Principle 6: Markets Are Usually a Good Way to Organize Economic Activity Principle 7: Government Can Sometimes Improve Market Outcomes Principle 8: A Countrys Standard of Living Depends on Its Ability to Produce Goods and Services Principle 9: Price Rise When the Government Prints Too Much Money Principle 10: Society Faces a Short-Run Trade-off between Inflation and Unemployment Principle 1: People Face Trade- offs(人们面对交替关系) To get one thing that we like, we usually have to give up another thing that we like. Eg: the trade-offs between defense(guns) and goods(butter), efficiency and equity. Priniciple 4: People Respond to Incentives An incentive is something that induces a person to act.Eg: the example of seat belt. How people interact Principle 5: Trade Can Make Everyone Better off Eg: Countries and families benefit from the ability to trade with one another. Principle 6: Markets Are Usually a Good Way to Organize Economic Activity In a market economy, the decisions of a central planner are replaced by the decisions of milions of firms and households. Principle 7: Governments Can Sometimes Improve Market Outcomes Economists use th