呼吸系统疾病（英文）PPT课件.pptVIP

out breathing in With inspiration, the side of the nostrils flares outwards Nasal Flaring With inspiration, the lower chest wall moves in Lower Chest Wall Indrawing out breathing in Fever Cough Cyanosis Tachypenea Rales Classic findings of pneumonia that occur in adults and older children, such as fever,cough and rales, are often absent in infants and toddlers. Generally present with nonspecific signs and symptoms including lethargy, irritability, poor feeding, vomiting. If it appear respiratory failure or other abnormality of other system-severe pneumonia. Important Points Complications Empyema Pyopneumothorax Pneumatocele Lung abscesses Atelectasis Laboratory Examination White blood cell count and C-reaction protein Pathogens examination: 1)Sputum cultures 2)Blood cultures 3)Rapid screening tests for virus or bacterial Bronchoscopy Blood gas analysis: hypoxia and/or hypercapnia Radiograph Evaluation Typical X-ray manifestation of bronchopneumonia is patchy infiltrates bilaterally Complication: lung abscesses, empyema, pyopneumothorax, pneumatocele, atelectasis CT Normal chest X-ray Patchy infiltrates Lobar pneumonia of the right lower zone consolidation lung abscesses pyopneumothorax Question How to diagnosis pneumonia clinically? According to the typical clinical manifestation of bronchopneumonia. According to X-ray manifestation Pay attention to the atypical manifestation of infants Evaluate the severity of pneumonia Find the etiology of pneumonia Differential Diagnosis Bronchitis Foreign Body Inspiration Tuberculosis Question How is pneumonia treated? Management Supportive care Antimicrobials therapy Hospitalization in selected cases Supportive Care Adolescents. Respiratory care may range from oxygenation, bronchodilators for wheezing, humidification or