毕业设计资料_李晨宇_3-翻译.docVIP

REVIEW OF GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE REPAIR METHODS Gaz de France Research and Development Division361, Avenue du Président Wilson-BP 33, 93211 Saint-Denis la，Plaine Cedex – FRANCE ABSTRACT Repair methods are key operations for the integrity management of pipelines. The parameters guiding the repair decision are briefly reminded. A nonexhaustive external and internal repair techniques are described, notably grinding and weld deposition techniques, metallic and various composite sleeves which are developed for 25 years. The main advantages of different repair techniques are summarized in conclusion and perspectives are given. 1. Context During the last 50 years, gas transmission pipelines have become significant networks to transmit high energy quantities on long distances from gas deposit to consumption areas. Considering European Transmission Pipelines only, the onshore network mileage has been multiplied by more than three times between 1970 and 2004. But, despite the growing of the gas transmission pipelines mileage, the failure frequencies by leak or rupture have been reduced by five in Europe in the same time (EGIG report [1]). This improvement of pipelines integrity management along the years is partially the consequence of high-technical developments like systems for the aggressions prevention and detection, inspection tools, repair techniques. When a defect is identified, operators must ask: Is the defect acceptable without repair? If yes, the external coating is restored.If the defect is temporarily acceptable, the defect can be immediately repair or repair after a time requiring a next inspection. The choice is often lead by a cost competition between the immediate repair and the delayed repair with an additional inspection. If not acceptable, is the defect repairable? And what is the more adapted repair technique? If not repairable, the extreme decision to replace the damaged pipe or segment is taken requiring an interruption of gas transit and so