二十世纪二三十年代河北农村合作运动分析-analysis of hebei rural cooperative movement in 1920s and 1930s.docx

摘要摘要二十世纪二三十年代中国农村普遍呈现一种破败之势，位于京畿重地的河北省亦未能幸免。由于频发的天灾人祸，河北省农业发展的正常环境难以保证；人地矛盾以及生产水平不高，导致农业生产技术推广难以实现；繁重的封建剥削，使农民难以实现生产发展及扩大再生产；外国资本主义经济入侵，使河北农村经济发展雪上加霜。无论是政府还是民间社会都在积极谋划如何挽救农村。五四运动之后，经过爱国知识分子的引介宣传，做为社会改良方法之一的合作思想开始逐步在中国社会扎根发芽。最早把西方合作思想与中国农村实际相结合是华洋义赈会。作为全国合作运动“先锋”的河北省，其合作运动的发生主要得益于义赈会的积极倡导，但其发展是在多方势力综合作用下实现的，国家权力与民间团体间的互动与合作是河北省合作运动异于他省的一大特点。河北省的合作社自开展之日起，就呈现出蓬勃向上之势，在全国合作运动中始终名列前茅，并几乎遍布全省。合作社内部的资金来源、借贷方式、借贷用途均呈现出基本良好的运作状况。合作运动的确为河北农村注入了新鲜血液，为河北农村的恢复和发展起到了促进作用；但是由于合作运动存在诸多问题，其复兴农村与救济农民的最终目的并未达到。关键词河北省农村合作运动发展历程质量分析效果评估IAbstractAbstractDuringthe1930s,itgenerallyshowedafallingtrendinruralChina.TheHebei,located ingyeonggipowerhouse,didnotescape.Becauseofthefrequentnaturalandman-made disasters,thenormaldevelopmentenvironmentofagriculturecannotbeguaranteed.Dueto thecontradictionbetweenpeopleandland,productivitylevelnothigh,promoting agricultural production technology was difficult. Because of heavy feudal exploitation,farmersweredifficulttoachieveproductiondevelopmentandtheexpanded reproduction.EconomicinvasionofforeigncapitalismmadeHebeiruraleconomy developmentworse.So,boththegovernmentandcivilsocietythoughtsomewaysactively. AftertheMay4thmovement,thecooperationasawayofimprovingsocietycametoChina. CooperationthoughtsgraduallyrootedinChinesesociety,throughthepatrioticintellectuals ofpropaganda.ChinaInternationalFamineReliefCommission(CIFRC)wasthefirstto combinetheconcretepracticeofChinasruralwithwesterncooperationthoughts.Asthe nationalcooperativemovementvanguard,cooperativemovementhappenedmainlyin HebeiprovincewasactivelyadvocatedbyCIFRC,butitsdevelopmentwasrealizedinthe comprehensiveactionvariousforces.Interactionandcooperationbetweenstatepowerand civilsocietywastheuniquefeatureinHebeiprovince.CooperativesinHebeiprovincesince thedateofconducting,itpresentedavigorousupwardtrend.Anditwasalwaysleadingthe wayinthenationalcooperativemovement.Itwasalmostalloverthewholeprovince.The Sourceoffunds,borrowingwayandpurposespresentedagoodoperatingcondition. Cooperative movement