heart anatomy arrhythmias：心脏的解剖和心律失常.pptVIP

Heart Block: Interruption of the electrical signal to the lower chambers of the heart It may develop as a side effect of certain heart medications It may be idiopathic in nature Or may be due to other forms of circulatory diseases: coronary artery disease cardiomyopathy rheumatic heart disease uncontrolled or untreated high blood pressure primary conduction system disease Complete AV block (3rd degree block) is usually due to a complication of a heart attack, but may the result of a heart surgery or infections of the heart muscle Symptoms: Llight-headedness, fatigue, or fainting Diagnosis: By ECG Treatment: Implanting an electronic pacemaker Tachycardia → fast heart rate → 100 bpm Causes: stimulation of the heart by sympathetic nerves increased body temperature or toxic conditions of the heart Factors that affect SNS stimulation of the heart: blood loss that results in a shock or semishock weakening of the myocardium Supraventricular Tachycardia (above the ventricle) rapid heartbeat in the atria or AV node Atrial flutter Atrial fibrilation Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome Atrial Flutter → 250 to 350 atrial depolarization per minute Due to back-to-back identical atrial depolarization waves Usually not life threatening Can cause chest pain, faintness, or others more serious problems Atrial Fibrillation → multiple foci discharge rapidly at 350-450/min Very common dysrhythmia Results in ↓ cardiac output Usually not life threatening Causes light-headedness or palpitations It increases the risk of stroke Symptoms of Atrial fibrillation: Irregular and fast heart beat Heart palpitations and rapid thumping in the chest Chest discomfort, chest pain or pressure Shortness of breath, particularly with exertion or anxiety Fatigue Dizziness, sweating, or nausea Light-headedness or fainting Causes of Atrial fibrillation: In most cases idiopathic in nature Age High blood pressure Infection or infla