课程设计氯乙烯的制备7.docxVIP

摘要 综述了氯乙烯的性质、用途及生产方法。简介了乙炔法合成氯乙烯的方法及反应原理。以年产2万吨氯乙烯的固定床反应器为例，介绍固定床反应器工艺计算和结构计算情况。 根据设计条件和要求，通过物料衡算、热量衡算以及其他工艺计算设计出年产2万吨氯乙烯的固定床反应器，并确定反应器的选型和尺寸，计算压降、催化剂用量等，设计出符合要求的反应器。 关键词：氯乙烯； 固定床反应器； 物料衡算； 热量衡算 Abstract The nature use and production methods of Vinyl chloride were simply introduced. The synthesis methods and reaction principle of vinyl chloride by using acetylene were introduced. Take fixed-bed reactor for example, which produces 20,000 tons of vinyl chloride per year, we introduce fixed bed reactor process calculation and structural calculations situation. According to the design conditions and requirements, we designed annual production capacity of 20,000 tons of vinyl chloride in a fixed bed reactor by material balance, heat balance calculations and other processes calculations. Besides we determined the selection and size of the reactor, pressure drop calculations, amount of catalyst, etc. And then we designed a reactor to meet the requirements. Keywords: Vinyl chloride; fixed bed reactor; material balance; heat balance 概述 1.1氯乙烯的性质 氯 HYPERLINK /view/15690.htm \t _blank 乙烯又名乙烯基氯（Vinyl chloride）是一种应用于 HYPERLINK /view/45733.htm \t _blank 高分子化工的重要的单体，可由乙烯或 HYPERLINK /view/64945.htm \t _blank 乙炔制得。为无色、易 HYPERLINK /view/1279108.htm \t _blank 液化气体，沸点-13.9℃，临界温度142℃，临界压力5.22MPa。氯乙烯是有毒物质，肝癌与长期吸入和接触氯乙烯有关。它与空气形成 HYPERLINK /view/63146.htm \t _blank 爆炸 HYPERLINK /view/62511.htm \t _blank 混合物， HYPERLINK /view/134293.htm \t _blank 爆炸极限4%～22%（体积），在压力下更易爆炸，贮运时必须注意 HYPERLINK /view/864334.htm \t _blank 容器的密闭及氮封，并应添加少量阻聚剂。  HYPERLINK /search?word=%E6%B0%AF%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AFfr=qb_search_expie=utf8 \t _blank 氯乙烯（CH2=CHCl）无色气体，易液化。沸点-13.4℃。微溶于水，溶于乙醇、 HYPERLINK /search?word=%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9Afr=qb_search_expie=utf8 \t _blank 乙醚。有毒性，长期吸入或接触可致 HYPERLINK /search?word=%E8%82%9D%E7%99%8Cfr=qb_search_expie=utf8 \t _blank 肝癌。燃烧时火焰边缘微绿。与空气形成 HYPERLINK /search?word=%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E6%80%A7%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9fr=qb_s