井下应急穿透通信——窄脉冲收发信机的设计-underground emergency penetration communication - design of narrow pulse transceiver.docxVIP
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井下应急穿透通信——窄脉冲收发信机的设计-underground emergency penetration communication - design of narrow pulse transceiver
摘要目前,矿井下的无线通信设备多是针对正常生产条件下设计和使用的,当出现塌方、爆炸等突发事故后,由于矿井工人会被土层隔离或者束缚在某一个巷道中而无法逃离,此时通信对于救援工作变得相当重要。而目前应用在矿井下的无线通信系统工作频率多数由高频率组成,在这种紧急情况下往往由于电波在穿透传播时损耗过大而无法进行应急通信。本文在此背景下,根据低频信号穿透能力比高频信号强的特点,对覆盖30MHz以下较宽频段的脉冲通信方式应用于应急条件下的穿透通信做了一次尝试,目的在于寻找较合适于井下穿透通信使用的无线通信方式,以利于救灾应急通信。本文针对适于井下穿透通信使用的宽频段脉冲通信方式,设计并实现了相应的脉冲信源、发射接收天线和接收前端电路,对电波的传播特性做了一定的试验。首先提出了确实有效的调试方法来实现马克斯(MARX)电路,得到高幅度的窄脉冲波形并应用于实地测试;其次测试了窄带正弦波信号在砖砌墙、细沙和石块中穿透传播一定距离后的衰减,分析了实验结果,并结合环天线在近场区辐射场的衰减公式和均匀波在导电介质中传播的模型,得出可供参考的电波在穿透通信时衰减与距离的关系;最后制作了基于包络能量检测的接收前端电路,并利用发射和接收电路做了穿透砖砌墙的实际测试。本文在经过试验之后得出结论,覆盖30MHz以下较宽频段的脉冲通信方式比窄带信号通信方式更适宜在井下穿透传播:由于阻挡环境复杂多变,不同的阻挡将对不同的窄带信号产生不同的频率选择性衰落,为了达到最优的通信效果,窄带通信方式就必须选择衰落较少的频点进行通信;由于脉冲信号的宽带特性,即使在某些频率成分衰减较大的时候,仍然还有其它频谱分量可以传递信号;而且脉冲通信发射机、接收机结构可以做得比窄带信号收发接收设备简单、可靠。关键词:窄脉冲穿透传播矿井通信能量检测AbstractCurrently,mostofthewirelesscommunicationdevicesunderminearedesignedand usedundernormalproductionconditions.Whenlandslides,explosionsandotherincidents happen,minerswillbeunabletoexcapeatunnerorisolatedbysoil,whichmakethe communicationquiteimportantforrescuing. Themajorityofwirelesscommunication systemsareformedbyhighfrequencycomponents,whichcausetheemergency communicationcannotworkduetothelossofradiowavepropagationinsuchemergency. Inthispaper,becausepenetrationunderthelow-frequencysignalpenetratefatherthan high-frequencysignal,pulsecommunicationcoverswiderfrequencybandunder30MHzhasbeentriedinordertofindmorewirelesscommunicationmethodsuitablefor underground penetration communicationofdisasterreliefemergencyreliefemergency communications.Inthispaper,correspondingpulsesource,transmittingandreceivingantennaand receiverfront-endcircuitaredesignedaimingatwidebandpulsecommunicationof undergroundpenetrationcommunication,whichdosometestsaboutthepropagation characteristicsofradiowaves.Firstlyatrulyeffectivedebuggingmethodtoachieve MARXcircuitsisproposed,owninghighamplitude,narrowpulseandbeingappliedtothe fieldtest.Secondly,theattenuationofnarrow-bandsinewaveaftertransmittinginthe brickwall,sandandstonesinacertaindistancehasbeente
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