Gene-Environment Interaction - University of Colorado …：基因-环境交互作用-科罗拉多大学….pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * Mediation versus moderation If a variable mediates an effect, significant in the means model, ?M 0 significant increase in a, c or e when ?M is fixed to 0 If a variable moderates an effect ?X0, ?Y0, or ?Z 0 irrespective of ?M or any reduction in a, c or e. * Mediation versus moderation If a variable mediates an effect, significant in the means model, ?M 0 significant increase in a, c or e when ?M is fixed to 0 If a variable moderates an effect ?X0, ?Y0, or ?Z 0 irrespective of ?M or any reduction in a, c or e. * Mediation versus moderation If a variable mediates an effect, significant in the means model, ?M 0 significant increase in a, c or e when ?M is fixed to 0 If a variable moderates an effect ?X0, ?Y0, or ?Z 0 irrespective of ?M or any reduction in a, c or e. ‘Definition variables’ in Mx create dynamic var/cov structure Common uses: 1. As covariates/effects on the means (e.g. age and sex) 2. To model changes in variance components as function of some variable (e.g., age, SES, etc) Definition variables used as covariates General model with age and sex as covariates: yi = ? + ?1(agei) + ?2 (sexi) + ? Where yi is the observed score of individual i, ? is the intercept or grand mean, ?1 is the regression weight of age, agei is the age of individual i, ?2 is the deviation of males (if sex is coded 0= female; 1=male), sexi is the sex of individual i, and ? is the residual that is not explained by the covariates (and can be decomposed further into ACE etc). Standard model Means vector Covariance matrix Allowing for a main effect of X Means vector Covariance matrix Model-fitting approach to GxE Twin 1 A C E Twin 2 A C E a c e c e a M m M m Adding Covariates to Means Model Twin 1 A C E Twin 2 A C E a c e c e a M m+?MM1 M m+?MM2 ‘Definition variables’ in Mx create dynamic var/cov structure Common uses: 1. As covariates/effects on the means (e.g. age and sex) 2. To model changes in