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PGCC CHM 103 Sinex Sinex CHM 103 The Best-Fit Line Linear Regression How do you determine the best-fit line through data points? Linear Regression Minimizes the sum of the square of the deviations for all the points and the best-fit line Judge the goodness of fit with r2 r2 x100 tells you the percent of the variation of the y-variable that is explained by the variation of the x-variable (a perfect fit has r2 = 1) In Excel When the chart is active, go to chart, and select Add Trendline, choose the type and on option select display equation and display r2 For calibration curves, select the set intercept = 0 option Does this make physical sense? The equation becomes A = mc or A = 0.89c * * PGCC CHM 103 Sinex x-variable y-variable Fortunately technology, such as the graphing calculator and Excel, can do a better job than your eye and a ruler! The Equation of a Straight Line y = mx + b where m is the slope or Dy/Dx and b is the y-intercept In some physical settings, b = 0 so the equation simplifies to: y = mx x-variable y-variable deviation = residual = ydata point – yequation Linear regression minimizes the sum of the squared deviations y = mx + b x-variable y-variable Goodness of Fit: Using r2 r2 is high r2 is low How about the value of r2? Strong direct relationship 99.1% of the y-variation is due to the variation of the x-variable Noisy indirect relationship Only 82% of the y-variation is due to the variation of the x-variable - what is the other 18% caused by? When there is no trend! No relationship! Using the set intercept = 0 option lowers the r2 value by a small amount and changes the slope slightly Does the set intercept = 0 option make a difference? 99.1% of the variation of the absorbance is due to the variation of the concentration. * * * * *