抗生素英文课件精品A Worldwide Crisis Inappropriate Antibiotic Use Resistant Bacterial .pptVIP

A Worldwide Crisis: Inappropriate Antibiotic Use Resistant Bacterial Infections James A. Wilde MD Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Director Pediatric Emergency Medicine Medical College of Georgia Medical Director, Georgia United Against Antibiotic Resistant Disease (GUARD) What Causes Infections? Infections are caused by 1 of 4 types of microbes (germs) Virus 75% or more of all infections Bacteria less than 25% Parasites less than 1% in the US Fungus less than 1% in the US Viruses Parasites-need other cells to provide food and means of reproducing (“sucks the life out” of a cell) Attack humans by invading cells of certain tissues Hepatitis virus: attacks the liver cells Encephalitis virus: attacks the brain cells Cold virus: attacks the throat and breathing passages Diarrhea virus: attacks the small intestine Can live dormant in the environment for years Difficult to treat Multiply rapidly and easily transmitted by blood and body secretions Antibiotics DO NOT WORK against viruses! Bacteria Can live and grow wherever they find food Environment: mountain streams, ocean water, rotting animal or plant, sewer, topsoil, food Humans Animals: blood, skin, throat, lungs, urinary bladder, intestine Good versus Bad Bacteria Some copy and grow every 20 minutes Makes them difficult to treat: we are outnumbered Diseases Caused by Viruses and Bacteria Virus Common cold Diarrhea (99%) Acute Bronchitis Influenza (flu) Measles Chicken Pox AIDS Rabies Hepatitis How Do We Treat Infections? Bacterial infections Immune system (white blood cells, etc) Antibiotics (Penicillin, etc.) help to kill bacteria Viruses Immune system Anti-viral medications: not very helpful Antibiotics have NO EFFECT against viruses! How do Antibiotics Kill Bacteria? Interfere with bacterial metabolism or reproduction “Crowbar in a clock tower” Viruses have completely different metabolism and reproductive mechanisms Crowbar has no effect on a waterfall Bacteria are kille