抗生素PPT课件（英文精品）Emergence of Extended Spectrum Betalactamases （ESBLs） in .pptVIP

Recommendations Microbiology laboratories should routinely test for the presence of these strains among their isolates. Use standard strain as control in each patch of isolates to be screen for the presence of ESBLs. Questions?? Comments Discussion Dr. Humodis Lecture Dr. Humodis Lecture  Dr. Humodi A. Saeed Associate Prof. of Medical Microbiology College of Medical Lab. Science Sudan University of Science and Technology E-mail address: saeed@sustech.edu Emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Sudan Antibiotics 1928 1935 Antibiotics Sir Alexander Fleming Antibiotics Antibiotics Antibiotics Antibiotics Antibiotics in our life  Antibiotics in our life Antibiotics in our life  Antibiotics in our life  ESBLs in Sudan  Outline Definition of ESBLs. laboratory screening for ESBL Importance of Enterobacteriaceae and other Gram Negative Pathogens. Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and other Gram-Negative Pathogens. Emerging ESBLs. ESBLs in Sudan What is Extended-Spectrum β- Lactamases? What is ESBLs Any β-lactamase which shows an extended spectrum of activity to β-lactam antibiotics, but which is inhibited by clavulanic acid. β-Lactamases Enzymes (Inducible or constitutive) produced by Bacteria. Inactivate β-Lactam antibiotics Rare among gram positive pathogens Exceptions being S. aureus and E. faecalis Common among gram negative bacteria Enterobacteriaceae β-Lactam antibiotics Penicillin β-Lactam antibiotics 2. Cephalosporins β-Lactam antibiotics 3. Carbapenems β-Lactam antibiotics 4. Monobactams Extended spectrum Third generation cephalosporins (e.g., ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone) AND Monobactams (e.g., aztreonam) But do not affect cephamycins (e.g., cefoxitin and cefotetan) OR Carbapenems (e.g., meropenem or imipenem). Clavulanic acid Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhbitor combined with penicillin group antibitics to overcome certain