抗生素PPT课件（英文精品）Chemotherapeutic Agents .pptVIP

* Chemotherapeutic Agents / Antibiotics, chapter 34-39 Antibacterial compounds (procaryotes) Antiparasitic agents (eucarytotes) - Chapt 35 Antifungal compounds (eucarytotes) Antiviral compounds Anticancer compounds Protozoa Helmints Insects (Scabies lice etc.) (Fungi chapt. 36) Protozoa Eucaryotes, unicellular (may exist in colonies) Protozoa and algae (protocista) Complex replication (sexual and asexual) Patogenic P. most common tropical area 3. world diseases Many diseases can be prevented by clean drinking water Certain protozal diseases spread by insects Treatment of diseases caused by amebia, giardia, trichomonas Metronidazol Flagyl?, Metronidazol? Also effective against anaerobic bacteria Probably pro-drug -reductive activation (mech. not fully understood) Formation of toxic reactive oxygen species Related comp. treatment of African sleeping sickness Anti - Malaria drugs Plasmodium sp. Vektor: Anopheles moskito. Complex life cyclus. De fleste l.m. aktive her Mal aria = bad air 40% of world population at risk 300 mil acute illnessess pr year ca 1 mill deaths pr year Malaria kills a child every 30 sec. 90% in incidents sub-sahara Africa Historic drugs -Azodyes and salvarsan (1. synthetic effective drug) -Quinine fra Cinchona (Kinabark) Cinchona pubescens (Kinatre) from South America Quinolines Quinine Kinin? Meflokin Lariam? Klorokin Klorokinfosfat? Hydroksyklorokin Plaquenil? More active, less tox (comp Quinine) Resistance! Also klorokin resistant P. palsifarum Mechanism (DNA Intercalation) Ferriprotoporphyrin IX: Binds to FPIX (metabolite from hemoglobine); tox. form of FPIX, proteinbound FPIX less tox.) Weak base Hypothesis: Increase pH in parasite Biguanides Proguanil (= Chloroguanide) Paludrine? Malarone? + atovakvon Pro-drug Inhib. protozoan folate reduktase (c.f. Trimetoprim) Other biguanides Klorhexidine Atovakvon Malarone? + proguanil. Also other parasites (P. carinii) Ubiquinone antimetabolite? Artemeter og Lume